TED演讲:这个世界需要各种心智(3)

 　　You see, the autistic mind tends to be a specialist mind 自闭症患者通常都是有特别的心智的

　　good at one thing, bad at something else.  她们往往在某一方面做得很棒，在其他方面做得很糟

　　And where I was bad was algebra¹. And I was never allowed to take geometry or trig. 我就是代数非常差，更不用提几何或三角了

　　Gigantic mistake: I'm finding a lot of kids who need to skip algebra,  但现在发现这是严重的错误。我发现，有些孩子她们可以跳过代数

　　go right to geometry and trig.  直接进入三角几何的思维

　　Now, another kind of mind is the pattern thinker.  另外一种心智就是模式思考

　　More abstract. These are your engineers, your computer programmers. 那是更为抽象化的一种思考形态，通常工程师或程序员就是这样的心智

　　Now, this is pattern thinking. That praying mantis² is made from a single sheet of paper, no scotch³ tape, no cuts. 看，这就是模式思考。这个螳螂就是只用一张纸折叠而成的，没有使用胶布或剪刀

　　And there in the background is the pattern for folding it.  在后面你可以看到折叠的纹路

　　Here are the types of thinking: photo-realistic visual thinkers, like me; 这就是不同的思考模式，有视觉思考者

　　pattern thinkers, music and math minds.  模式思考者，那是音乐家和数学家的心智

　　Some of these oftentimes have problems with reading.  而这些人往往会有阅读上的障碍

　　You also will see these kind of problems with kids that are dyslexic. 你会在诵读困难的孩子身上发现这样的特征

　　You'll see these different kinds of minds.  你可以看到这些不同的心智模式

　　And then there's a verbal mind, they know every fact about everything.  还有就是言语心智。这些人懂得关于所有事情的一切

　　Now, another thing is the sensory⁴ issues.  另外一个就是感官问题

　　I was really concerned about having to wear this gadget⁵ on my face.  今天要戴这个小话筒，我可真不自在

　　And I came in half an hour beforehand  我必须提前半个小时把它戴上

　　so I could have it put on and kind of get used to it,  才能慢慢的适应它

　　and they got it bent⁶ so it's not hitting my chin.  并且要把它弄弯，才不至于触及我的下巴

　　But sensory is an issue. Some kids are bothered by fluorescent⁷ lights;  一些感官上的刺激确实是一个问题。一些孩子就会对日光灯特别过敏

　　others have problems with sound sensitivity.  另外一些则对声音反应强烈

　　You know, it's going to be variable.  不同的人会有不同程度的反应

　　Now, visual thinking gave me a whole lot of insight into the animal mind. 视觉思考给我带来了全新的视角去了解动物的心智

　　Because think about it: An animal is a sensory-based thinker, not verbal -- thinks in pictures, 你们不妨想想。动物是一种基于感官的思考者，它们没有语言，只会通过图像来，思考

　　thinks in sounds, thinks in smells.  还有是通过声音以及气味

　　Think about how much information there is there on the local fire hydrant.  你想象一下救火的管子上布满了多少的信息

　　He knows who's been there, when they were there.  可以看出有谁到过那里，什么时候在哪里

　　Are they friend or foe⁸? Is there anybody he can go mate with?  他们是不是敌人，是否有配对的同伴等

　　There's a ton of information on that fire hydrant.  总之，会有一大堆的信息布满在救火管子上

　　It's all very detailed⁹ information,  并且都是非常详细的信息

　　and, looking at these kind of details gave me a lot of insight into animals. 通过阅读这些信息，使我有机会认识到动物的心智

　　Now, the animal mind, and also my mind, puts sensory-based information into categories. 不管是人的大脑还是动物的大脑，都是将感官的信息分类进行处理的

　　Man on a horse and a man on the ground 人骑在马上跟人站在地面

　　that is viewed as two totally different things.  这是被当成完全不一样的信息来处理的

　　You could have a horse that's been abused by a rider.  一匹曾被骑手虐待的马

　　They'll be absolutely fine with the veterinarian and with the horseshoer, but you can't ride him. 在兽医面前却表现得很安详，在马镫师面前也很温顺，但他们还不能骑那匹马

　　You have another horse, where maybe the horseshoer beat him up  假如另外一匹马，曾给马镫师狠狠的训了一顿

　　and he'll be terrible for anything on the ground, with the veterinarian, but a person can ride him. 那么这马就会很怕任何地上的东西，对于兽医也会怕，但是你可以骑它

　　Cattle are the same way.  牛也是这样。

　　Man on a horse, a man on foot -- they're two different things. 人骑在马上跟站在地上，这是两回事

　　You see, it's a different picture.  你看到没有，在马的眼里，是两副不一样的画面

　　See, I want you to think about just how specific this is.  请看看这里是多么精细的细节吧

　　Now, this ability to put information into categories,  这样一种把信息分类处理的能力

　　I find a lot of people are not very good at this.  很多人都是不擅长的

　　When I'm out troubleshooting equipment or problems with something in a plant, 当我在地里排除设备意外或处理种植物上的一些问题

　　they don't seem to be able to figure out, "Do I have a training people issue?  我身边的人似乎看不出那是人员培训的问题

　　Or do I have something wrong with the equipment?"  还是设备本身的问题

　　In other words, categorize equipment problem from a people problem. 换而言之，就是要将设备问题与人的问题分开来谈

　　I find a lot of people have difficulty doing that.  但我发现很多人都没有掌握这一点

　　Now, let's say I figure out it's an equipment problem.  比方说，这是个设备的问题

　　Is it a minor¹⁰ problem, with something simple I can fix?  那么它是一个小问题，用简单的工具就能解决呢

　　Or is the whole design of the system wrong?  还是整个系统的设计问题？

　　People have a hard time figuring that out.  但人们往往就很难找到答案

1 algebra   

n.代数学

参考例句：

• He was not good at algebra in middle school.他中学时不擅长代数。
• The boy can't figure out the algebra problems.这个男孩做不出这道代数题。

2 mantis   

n.螳螂

参考例句：

• Praying mantis has two powerful claws like sharp knives.螳螂有一对强壮的爪子，它们像锋利的刀。
• In her mind,it was a female mantis,devouring her mates.她的意识中，是一只雌螳螂正吞咽她的配偶。

3 scotch   

n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的

参考例句：

• Facts will eventually scotch these rumours.这种谣言在事实面前将不攻自破。
• Italy was full of fine views and virtually empty of Scotch whiskey.意大利多的是美景，真正缺的是苏格兰威士忌。

4 sensory   

adj.知觉的，感觉的，知觉器官的

参考例句：

• Human powers of sensory discrimination are limited.人类感官分辨能力有限。
• The sensory system may undergo long-term adaptation in alien environments.感觉系统对陌生的环境可能经过长时期才能适应。

5 gadget   

n.小巧的机械，精巧的装置，小玩意儿

参考例句：

• This gadget isn't much good.这小机械没什么用处。
• She has invented a nifty little gadget for undoing stubborn nuts and bolts.她发明了一种灵巧的小工具用来松开紧固的螺母和螺栓。

6 bent   

n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的

参考例句：

• He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。
• We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。

7 fluorescent   

adj.荧光的，发出荧光的

参考例句：

• They observed the deflections of the particles by allowing them to fall on a fluorescent screen.他们让粒子落在荧光屏上以观察他们的偏移。
• This fluorescent lighting certainly gives the food a peculiar color.这萤光灯当然增添了食物特别的色彩。

8 foe   

n.敌人，仇敌

参考例句：

• He knew that Karl could be an implacable foe.他明白卡尔可能会成为他的死敌。
• A friend is a friend;a foe is a foe;one must be clearly distinguished from the other.敌是敌，友是友，必须分清界限。

9 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

10 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。