经济学人:本周政治新闻

 　　Politics this week

　　本周政治

　　The new prime minister of Greece, Alexis Tsipras, and his finance minister, Yanis Varoufakis (above left), toured Europe in search of debt relief and support against austerity. Mr Varoufakis floated a plan to replace Greek debt with bonds linked to GDP growth. For the most part, they met a dusty response; the European Central Bank stopped taking Greek government bonds as collateral¹. Markets were volatile² but seemed hopeful that a deal would eventually be done.

　　希腊新总理阿列克西斯·齐普拉斯和他的财政部长雅尼斯?瓦鲁法克斯(上图左)，访问欧洲以寻求债务减免和反对紧缩政策的支持。瓦鲁法克斯提出一项计划，即用与GDP走势紧密相连的国债取代希腊债务。欧洲对这个提议的很多地方都有异议；欧洲央行也停止接受希腊国债作为抵押品。虽然市场动荡，但达成这个协议将为市场带来希望。

　　The International Court of Justice in The Hague rejected claims by both Croatia and Serbia that the other was guilty of genocide during their wars of 1991-95, when some 20,000 people were killed.

　　海牙国际法庭驳回了克罗地亚和塞尔维亚的控诉，该控诉称在1991年至1995年双方交战期间，一方有种族屠杀行为，导致大约20000人丧生。

　　希腊总理访欧寻求债务减免.jpg

　　China stepped up controls over the internet. It is now requiring users of blogs and chat rooms to register their real names with internet providers and they must promise to avoid attacking the political system. Censors³ have also been trying to restrict access to “virtual private networks”, which are often used to circumvent⁴ the blocking of politically sensitive websites.

　　中国加大了对互联网的控制力度。大陆现在要求博主和使用聊天室的人向网络服务供应商实名登记，并承诺不攻击政治制度。审查机关也一直试图限制用于翻墙浏览政治敏感网站的“虚拟专用网”。

　　Myanmar accused a senior UN official of interfering⁵ in its affairs after she had raised concerns about discrimination against members of the Muslim Rohingya minority. The Rohingya are stateless and have been the target of attacks by members of Myanmar's Buddhist⁶ majority.

　　一位联合国高级官员引起了对罗辛亚穆斯林少数民族歧视的关注，这一行为被缅甸谴责为干涉他国内政。罗辛亚族人是无国籍人士，也是缅甸佛教成员一直以来袭击的目标。

　　The coalition⁷ government in Australia suffered a resounding⁸ defeat in state elections in Queensland. The foreign minister, Julie Bishop⁹, denied that she is planning to oust¹⁰ the prime minister, Tony Abbott, whose popularity has slumped¹¹, by mounting a challenge for the leadership of the Liberal Party.

　　澳大利亚联合政府在昆士兰的州选举中遭遇滑铁卢。外交部长朱莉否认她打算对自由党的领导发起挑战，以取代支持率急速下滑的托尼?阿博特总理。

　　Islamic State militants¹² broadcast their beheading of a Japanese journalist and murder of a Jordanian fighter pilot, whom they burnt alive in a cage. Jordanians, hitherto ambivalent¹³ about the bombing of Sunni jihadists, turned against the movement strongly, welcoming King Abdullah's continued participation¹⁵ in the American-led coalition as well as his execution of two jailed militants in revenge.

　　伊斯兰国家武装分子播放了一名日本记者和一名约旦战斗机飞行员，被他们在笼子里活活被烧死的视频。迄今为止，逊尼派圣战主义者的轰炸导致的矛盾引发了约旦更加声势浩大的反对活动，他们欢迎阿卜杜拉国王持续参与美国领导的联盟并判囚的武装分子死刑以此复仇。

　　Egypt's president deported¹⁶ an Australian journalist who had reported for Al Jazeera, ending his incarceration¹⁷ of 400 days for broadcasting “false” news. Meanwhile, Egypt's courts jailed 230 people for anti-government activity, including a liberal activist¹⁸, Ahmed Douma, who was sentenced to life in prison.

　　埃及总统将半岛电视台的一名澳大利亚记者驱逐出境，因报道“假”新闻为由入狱400天的至此结束。与此同时,埃及法院以参与反政府活动为由判处230人有罪，其中包括自由派活动家艾哈迈德·杜马,他被判处终身监禁。

　　Houthi rebels who have overrun the capital of Yemen, Sana'a, refused to release the country's president, Abd Rabbo Mansour Hadi, and his cabinet from house arrest until a deal is reached on integrating the rebels into the regular army. They said that without a deal, “a revolutionary leadership” under their command would take full control.?

　　胡塞叛军已经占领也门首都萨那，并拒绝释放被软禁的总统代哈迪和内阁，直到达成协议将叛军集成为正规军。他们表明，如果未达成协议，“革命领袖”将被他们玩弄于股掌之中。

　　Barack Obama presented a $4 trillion budget that he said is intended “to replace mindless austerity with smart investments”. It includes plans to increase capital-gains tax for top earners from 23.8% to 28%, various levies¹⁹ on business and expanded tax credits for the less well-off. The Republicans who control Congress will not pass it.

　　奥巴马提出了一项4万亿美元的预算，他说目的是“用机敏投资来取代盲目的紧缩”。它包括将高收入者的资本利得税率从23.8%提高至28%，商业课税多样化和在低收入群体扩大税收抵免覆盖率。但是由共和党占主多数的国会并不会通过该项预算。

　　Harper Lee said she was “humbled and amazed” that her second novel would be published, 55 years after “To Kill a Mockingbird”. The new book, “Go Set a Watchman”, acts as a sequel, featuring Scout²⁰ Finch²¹ as an adult woman. Ms Lee had written it prior to penning her seminal²² work, but the manuscript was lost for decades. She says the work is “a pretty decent effort”.

　　哈泼·李说她是“受宠若惊”，继《杀死一只知更鸟》出版的55年之后，她的第二部小说也要面世了。这本新书《设立守望》是一个续集，描述童子军芬奇长大成为成年女性的过程。哈珀李早在其广为人知的书籍《杀死一只知更鸟》之前就写成了这本书，但手稿却丢失了几十年。她说“这真是一份很体面的工作”。

　　Maria das Gra?as Foster, the chief executive of Petrobras, Brazil's state-controlled oil company, resigned amid a corruption²³ scandal centred on claims that Petrobras solicited²⁴ billions of dollars in payments from construction companies, some of which were funnelled²⁵ to political parties. These include the Workers' Party, which is led byDilma Rousseff,Brazil's president. The lower house ofBrazil's Congress has elected as its Speaker Eduardo Cunha, who has often clashed with Ms Rousseff.

　　巴西国家石油公司首席执行官玛利亚-福斯特因腐败丑闻辞职。据称，该公司从建筑公司受贿数十亿，其中有一些资金流向政治党派，包括巴西总统罗塞夫领导的工党。巴西国会下议院选举一向与总统唱反调的爱德华多·库尼亚任议长。

　　In Argentina it emerged that Alberto Nisman, a prosecutor²⁶ who was found dead in January, had drafted a warrant for the arrest of the president, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. Mr Nisman had accused the president of obstructing²⁷ the investigation²⁸ of the bombing of a Jewish community centre inBuenos Aires in 1994. The arrest warrant was found in a rubbish bin¹⁴ in his home.

　　阿根廷检察官阿尔贝托·尼斯曼被发现死于一月。他曾起草逮捕总统克里斯蒂娜的逮捕证，并指控总统阻碍对1994年布宜诺斯艾利斯犹太社区发生的的爆炸案的调查。人们在他家中的垃圾桶中发现了逮捕证。

　　Mexico's president, Enrique Pe?a Nieto, ordered a interlocking institutions into conflict-of-interest allegations against him, his wife and the finance minister, Luis Videgaray. Mr Pe?a also backed a constitutional reform to create a set of interlocking institutions to fight corruption.

　　墨西哥总统培尼亚·涅托针对对他本人、他妻子以及财政部长路易斯·比德加赖的利益冲突指控，要求各个关联的委员会进行调查。同时，他也支持宪政改革，通过建立各种相关部门来应对腐败。

　　Pope Francis declared that óscar Romero, an archbishop from El Salvador who was shot dead while celebrating mass in 1980, was a martyr²⁹. This opens the way to his beatification. Earlier popes had regarded the archbishop, who was an exponent³⁰ of “liberation theology”, as a Marxist.

　　教皇弗朗西斯一世宣布将萨尔瓦多大教主奥斯卡·罗梅罗列为烈士。奥斯卡在1980年的弥撒中受枪击死亡。此举为宣福礼开辟了道路。此前，教皇将宣称“从神学中解放出来的”大教主视为马克思主义者。翻译：徐牧之 戴秀萍 校对：刘苗苗

　　1.in search of 寻找

　　Rescue workers are digging through the rubble³¹ in search of other victims.

　　救援人员正在废墟中挖掘，以搜寻其他受害者。

　　Miserable³², and unexpectedly lonely, she went in search of Jean-Paul.

　　内心痛苦、突感寂寞的她去寻找琼－保罗。

　　2.link to 联系

　　Broadly, it makes connections between ideas about healing and how they link to plants.

　　笼统说来，它将治疗理念和如何与医疗设备相结合联系了起来。

　　They have yet to break the link with the trade unions.

　　他们还必须断绝与工会组织的联系。

　　3.promise to 承诺；允诺

　　The Prime Minister has promised that Israel will play a constructive³³ role.

　　首相承诺以色列将发挥积极的作用。

　　Melanie promised that she would call them in the morning.

　　梅拉妮许诺第二天上午给他们打电话。

1 collateral   

adj.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品

参考例句：

• Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans.很多人把个人财产用作小额商业贷款的抵押品。
• Most people here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.由于拿不出东西作为抵押，这里大部分人无法从银行贷款。

2 volatile   

adj.反复无常的，挥发性的，稍纵即逝的，脾气火爆的；n.挥发性物质

参考例句：

• With the markets being so volatile,investments are at great risk.由于市场那么变化不定，投资冒着很大的风险。
• His character was weak and volatile.他这个人意志薄弱，喜怒无常。

3 censors   

删剪（书籍、电影等中被认为犯忌、违反道德或政治上危险的内容）( censor的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The censors eviscerated the book to make it inoffensive to the President. 审查员删去了该书的精华以取悦于总统。
• The censors let out not a word. 检察官一字也不发。

4 circumvent   

vt.环绕，包围；对…用计取胜，智胜

参考例句：

• Military planners tried to circumvent the treaty.军事策略家们企图绕开这一条约。
• Any action I took to circumvent his scheme was justified.我为斗赢他的如意算盘而采取的任何行动都是正当的。

5 interfering   

adj. 妨碍的 动词interfere的现在分词

参考例句：

• He's an interfering old busybody! 他老爱管闲事！
• I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions. 我希望我母亲不再干预，让我自己拿主意。

6 Buddhist   

adj./n.佛教的，佛教徒

参考例句：

• The old lady fell down in adoration before Buddhist images.那老太太在佛像面前顶礼膜拜。
• In the eye of the Buddhist,every worldly affair is vain.在佛教徒的眼里，人世上一切事情都是空的。

7 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

8 resounding   

adj. 响亮的

参考例句：

• The astronaut was welcomed with joyous,resounding acclaim. 人们欢声雷动地迎接那位宇航员。
• He hit the water with a resounding slap. 他啪的一声拍了一下水。

9 bishop   

n.主教，（国际象棋）象

参考例句：

• He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。
• Two years after his death the bishop was canonised.主教逝世两年后被正式封为圣者。

10 oust   

vt.剥夺，取代，驱逐

参考例句：

• The committee wanted to oust him from the union.委员会想把他从工会中驱逐出去。
• The leaders have been ousted from power by nationalists.这些领导人被民族主义者赶下了台。

11 slumped   

大幅度下降，暴跌( slump的过去式和过去分词 )； 沉重或突然地落下[倒下]

参考例句：

• Sales have slumped this year. 今年销售量锐减。
• The driver was slumped exhausted over the wheel. 司机伏在方向盘上，疲惫得睡着了。

12 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

13 ambivalent   

adj.含糊不定的；(态度等)矛盾的

参考例句：

• She remained ambivalent about her marriage.她对于自己的婚事仍然拿不定主意。
• Although she professed fear of the Russians,she seemed to have ambivalent feelings toward Philby himself.虽然她承认害怕俄国人，然而她似乎对菲尔比本人有一种矛盾的感情。

14 bin   

n.箱柜；vt.放入箱内；[计算机] DOS文件名:二进制目标文件

参考例句：

• He emptied several bags of rice into a bin.他把几袋米倒进大箱里。
• He threw the empty bottles in the bin.他把空瓶子扔进垃圾箱。

15 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

16 deported   

v.将…驱逐出境( deport的过去式和过去分词 )；举止

参考例句：

• They stripped me of my citizenship and deported me. 他们剥夺我的公民资格，将我驱逐出境。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The convicts were deported to a deserted island. 罪犯们被流放到一个荒岛。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 incarceration   

n.监禁，禁闭；钳闭

参考例句：

• He hadn't changed much in his nearly three years of incarceration. 在将近三年的监狱生活中，他变化不大。 来自辞典例句
• Please, please set it free before it bursts from its long incarceration! 请你，请你将这颗心释放出来吧！否则它会因长期的禁闭而爆裂。 来自辞典例句

18 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

19 levies   

（部队）征兵( levy的名词复数 )； 募捐； 被征募的军队

参考例句：

• At that time, taxes and levies were as many as the hairs on an ox. 那时，苛捐杂税多如牛毛。
• Variable levies can insulate farmers and consumers from world markets. 差价进口税可以把农民和消费者与世界市场隔离开来。

20 scout   

n.童子军，侦察员；v.侦察，搜索

参考例句：

• He was mistaken for an enemy scout and badly wounded.他被误认为是敌人的侦察兵，受了重伤。
• The scout made a stealthy approach to the enemy position.侦察兵偷偷地靠近敌军阵地。

21 finch   

n.雀科鸣禽(如燕雀，金丝雀等)

参考例句：

• This behaviour is commonly observed among several species of finch.这种行为常常可以在几种雀科鸣禽中看到。
• In Australia,it is predominantly called the Gouldian Finch.在澳大利亚，它主要还是被称之为胡锦雀。

22 seminal   

adj.影响深远的；种子的

参考例句：

• The reforms have been a seminal event in the history of the NHS.这些改革已成为英国国民保健制度史上影响深远的一件大事。
• The emperor's importance as a seminal figure of history won't be diminished.做为一个开创性历史人物的重要性是不会减弱的。

23 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

24 solicited   

v.恳求( solicit的过去式和过去分词 )；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求

参考例句：

• He's already solicited their support on health care reform. 他已就医疗改革问题请求他们的支持。 来自辞典例句
• We solicited ideas from Princeton University graduates and under graduates. 我们从普林斯顿大学的毕业生与大学生中征求意见。 来自辞典例句

25 funnelled   

漏斗状的

参考例句：

• He secretly funnelled credit-card information to counterfeiters. 他偷偷地把信用卡信息传递给造假者。
• The water funnelled through the gorge and out onto the plain. 水穿过峡谷流到平原。

26 prosecutor   

n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人

参考例句：

• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。
• The prosecutor would tear your testimony to pieces.检查官会把你的证言驳得体无完肤。

27 obstructing   

阻塞( obstruct的现在分词 )； 堵塞； 阻碍； 阻止

参考例句：

• You can't park here, you're obstructing my driveway. 你不能在这里停车，你挡住了我家的车道。
• He was charged for obstructing the highway. 他因阻碍交通而受控告。

28 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

29 martyr   

n.烈士，殉难者；vt.杀害，折磨，牺牲

参考例句：

• The martyr laid down his life for the cause of national independence.这位烈士是为了民族独立的事业而献身的。
• The newspaper carried the martyr's photo framed in black.报上登载了框有黑边的烈士遗像。

30 exponent   

n.倡导者，拥护者；代表人物；指数，幂

参考例句：

• She is an exponent of vegetarianism.她是一个素食主义的倡导者。
• He had been the principal exponent of the Gallipoli campaign.他曾为加里波利战役的主要代表人物。

31 rubble   

n.（一堆）碎石，瓦砾

参考例句：

• After the earthquake,it took months to clean up the rubble.地震后，花了数月才清理完瓦砾。
• After the war many cities were full of rubble.战后许多城市到处可见颓垣残壁。

32 miserable   

adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的

参考例句：

• It was miserable of you to make fun of him.你取笑他，这是可耻的。
• Her past life was miserable.她过去的生活很苦。

33 constructive   

adj.建设的，建设性的

参考例句：

• We welcome constructive criticism.我们乐意接受有建设性的批评。
• He is beginning to deal with his anger in a constructive way.他开始用建设性的方法处理自己的怒气。