经济学人47:Behind the veil 面纱背后

 　　Women in Turkey 土耳其妇女

　　Behind the veil 面纱背后

　　Women’s influence in politics is growing, but it is still small

　　妇女在政治中的影响越来越大，但这影响还是很小

　　May 12th 2011 | ISTANBUL | from the print edition

　　THIS week in Istanbul 13 European countries signed a Council of Europe convention on combating violence against women. All 47 members were urged to comply. Turkey pushed hard for the convention, which calls for hotlines, shelters and legal aid for abused women.

　　这个星期13个欧洲国家在伊斯坦布尔签署了一项有关与反对妇女的暴力作斗争的欧洲委员会条约。敦促所有4个成员国遵守。土耳其极力推行为受虐待妇女呼吁热线，庇护所和法律援助的条约。

　　So it should. Turkey ranks with Russia as one of the worst countries in Europe for abuse of women. By the government’s admission, five women a day were killed by abusers in the first seven months of 2009. A chilling new report from Human Rights Watch, an advocacy group, suggests that the situation is getting worse. It finds that 42% of women over 15 have suffered physical or sexual violence; they are vulnerable even when pregnant. Asli, a 21-year old Kurdish woman, was injected with poison, beaten and raped¹ by her husband and in-laws, and locked in a barn without food or water. She decided² to seek help from local prosecutors³ after her father-in-law burned her arm and declared that “I didn’t just get you here for my son, but also for my pleasure.” But the prosecutors never contacted her, and she now fears for her life. Asli’s story is all too common.

　　土耳其应该这么做。土耳其同俄罗斯一起被列为欧洲虐待妇女最严重的的国家之一。政府承认，2009年前7个月每天有五位妇女被虐待者们杀害身亡。一个利益团体（或利益集团）---人权观察的一项令人不寒而栗的新报道表明情况正在恶化。人权观察发现15岁以上42％的女性曾遭受过身体或性暴力行为；甚至她们怀孕时，她们还是容易受到攻击。一位21岁的库尔德妇女阿斯利（Asli）曾被注射毒药，被其丈夫及公婆殴打和强奸，并被锁在仓库里且不给食物和水。在她被她公公烧毁了手臂并声称“我要你来我们家不仅仅为了我儿子，而且还为了我自己寻欢作乐。”后，她决定从当地检察官那儿寻求帮助。但是检察官们从来没有联系过她，她现在担心她的性命。阿斯利的故事实在太普遍了。

　　Turkey’s mildly Islamist Justice and Development (AK) party is credited with making unprecedented⁴ reforms to protect women since it came to power in 2002. The laws are, however, spottily implemented⁵. Single women, divorcees and wives taken in illegal Islamic marriages are not covered. Police often turn away victims on the grounds that “family unity⁶ must be preserved.” Hulya Gulbahar, a feminist⁷ lawyer, says that Turkey’s overtly⁸ pious⁹ prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, has set the wrong tone. “His diatribes¹⁰ against divorce and calls for women to bear at least three children have made things worse,” she claims. Turkey lags in equality, ranking 126 among 134 countries in the 2010 Global Gender¹¹ Gap Index. Another study finds that women account for four-fifths of Turkey’s 5.7m illiterate¹² people.

　　自从2002年上台以来，土耳其温和的伊斯兰教主义者正义与发展党进行了前所未有的改革来保护妇女是有目共睹的。然而，这些法律并非始终如一地实施。单身妇女，离婚女子和非法伊斯兰婚姻的妻子并不包括在内。警察经常拒绝援助受害者，理由是“家庭团结受到保护。” 女权主义律师胡尧·古尔巴哈（Hulya Gulbahar）说土耳其公开虔诚的总理热杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安（Recep Tayyip Erdogan）已定错了调子。她声称“他反对离婚以及呼吁妇女至少生三个孩子的抨击使事情变得更糟糕。” 土耳其在平等方面处于落后地位。它在2010年全球性别差距指数中的134个国家中位居第126名。另一项研究发现妇女在土耳其五百七十万文盲人口中占了五分之四。

　　All this should provide fodder¹³ for the opposition¹⁴ in the run-up to a general election on June 12th. In fact, the rare talk of women in the campaign is mostly about footage posted on the internet showing candidates from the Nationalist Action Party (MHP) secretly filmed in compromising situations. The good news is that the number of women elected to the 550-seat parliament is expected to double from the current 50 (9%). But Turkey will still be behind other Muslim countries, such as Afghanistan (28%) and the United Arab Emirates (23%).

　　所有这一切应该为在野党6月12日大选前的竞选时期提供素材。实际上，竞选运动中出类拔萃的妇女谈话主要是关于偷偷拍摄到的国民行动党候选人受牵连的情况方面互联网上提供最新消息的连续镜头。好消息是当选550席的国会妇女人数可望从目前50个席位（占国会9%的比例）增加一倍。但是土耳其仍将落后于其它穆斯林国家，比如阿富汗（占国会28％的比例）和阿拉伯联合酋长国（占国会23％的比例）。

　　The best news is that women are getting organised. Those battling to end restrictions¹⁵ on the headscarf are among the most vocal¹⁶. Secular¹⁷ women support the campaign to force parties to accept female candidates who cover their heads. “No headscarves, no votes,” is their slogan. Although Mr Erdogan and most of his cabinet are married to veiled women, the AK has nominated only one similarly pious woman, for an unwinnable seat. Mr Erdogan’s excuse is that his party was nearly banned in 2008 because of its efforts to lift the headscarf ban. A pro-AK newspaper columnist¹⁸, Ali Bulac, provoked fury when he suggested that veiled women were “spies” acting¹⁹ for secularists or were exploiting their plight²⁰ to advance their careers. “You would rather have us stay at home and wash your socks,” riposted Nihal Bengisu Karaca, a (veiled) columnist at the forefront of the campaign. Will she vote for AK anyway? “Absolutely not,” she says.

　　最好的消息是妇女正在组织起来。那些和结束对头巾限制的战斗的妇女是其中最喜欢畅所欲言的。世俗的妇女支持竞选运动来迫使各个党派接受戴头巾的女性候选人。“不戴头巾没有选票，”是他们的口号。虽然埃尔多安先生和他大部分的内阁成员同戴面纱的妇女结婚，正义与发展党已经为一个无法取胜的席位提名了唯一一位同埃尔多安类似虔诚的妇女作为候选人。埃尔多安的借口是他的政党在2008年因为其解除（撤销）头巾禁令的工作差点受到谴责。当一位倾向正义与发展党的报纸专栏作家阿里·布拉克(Ali Bulac)认为戴面纱的妇女是代理世俗主义者们的 “间谍”或正利用她们的困境来加速她们的职业进程时，他激起了人们的暴怒。 “你宁愿让我们留在家里洗袜子，” 竞选运动前线的一位（戴面纱）的专栏作家尼哈尔·本吉苏·卡瑞克（Nihal Bengisu Karaca）尖锐地反驳道。至少她会投正义与发展党的票吗？“当然不会，”她说。

1 raped   

v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的过去式和过去分词 )；强奸

参考例句：

• A young woman was brutally raped in her own home. 一名年轻女子在自己家中惨遭强暴。 来自辞典例句
• We got stick together, or we will be having our women raped. 我们得团结一致，不然我们的妻女就会遭到蹂躏。 来自辞典例句

2 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

3 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

4 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

5 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

6 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

7 feminist   

adj.主张男女平等的，女权主义的

参考例句：

• She followed the feminist movement.她支持女权运动。
• From then on,feminist studies on literature boomed.从那时起，男女平等受教育的现象开始迅速兴起。

8 overtly   

ad.公开地

参考例句：

• There were some overtly erotic scenes in the film. 影片中有一些公开色情场面。
• Nietzsche rejected God's law and wrote some overtly blasphemous things. 尼采拒绝上帝的律法，并且写了一些渎神的作品。

9 pious   

adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的

参考例句：

• Alexander is a pious follower of the faith.亚历山大是个虔诚的信徒。
• Her mother was a pious Christian.她母亲是一个虔诚的基督教徒。

10 diatribes   

n.谩骂，讽刺( diatribe的名词复数 )

参考例句：

11 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

12 illiterate   

adj.文盲的；无知的；n.文盲

参考例句：

• There are still many illiterate people in our country.在我国还有许多文盲。
• I was an illiterate in the old society,but now I can read.我这个旧社会的文盲，今天也认字了。

13 fodder   

n.草料；炮灰

参考例句：

• Grass mowed and cured for use as fodder.割下来晒干用作饲料的草。
• Guaranteed salt intake, no matter which normal fodder.不管是那一种正常的草料，保证盐的摄取。

14 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

15 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

16 vocal   

adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目

参考例句：

• The tongue is a vocal organ.舌头是一个发音器官。
• Public opinion at last became vocal.终于舆论哗然。

17 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。

18 columnist   

n.专栏作家

参考例句：

• The host was interviewing a local columnist.节目主持人正在同一位当地的专栏作家交谈。
• She's a columnist for USA Today.她是《今日美国报》的专栏作家。

19 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

20 plight   

n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定

参考例句：

• The leader was much concerned over the plight of the refugees.那位领袖对难民的困境很担忧。
• She was in a most helpless plight.她真不知如何是好。