经济学人389:诗歌的力量

 　　Books and arts;book review;

　　文艺；书评；

　　James Fenton's poetry;Flower power;

　　詹姆士.芬顿的诗；诗歌的力量；

　　A modern master goes from strength to strength;

　　一位逐渐成长起来的当代诗坛巨匠；

　　"Yellow Tulips"poem;by JAMES FENTON；

　　诗集《黄色郁金香》；詹姆斯.芬顿著；

　　JAMES FENTON has led a busy life. In the late 1970s, while an undergraduate at Oxford¹ University, he began his career in journalism²: as a book reviewer, then as a war reporter, a foreign correspondent, a theatre critic and now as a popular commentator³ on American politics. From 1994 until 1999 he was Oxford professor of poetry and, more lucratively⁴, wrote an early libretto⁵ for “Les Miserables”, the hit musical of Victor Hugo's sprawling⁶ novel. During all this time, he has also written poetry.

　　詹姆斯.芬顿的人生极为丰富。20世纪70年代后期,詹姆斯.芬顿还只是牛津大学在读大学生时,就开始了他的新闻事业：书评撰稿人、战地记者、驻外通讯记者、戏剧批评家，而现在他是著名的美国政治时事评论员。1994年至1999年间，詹姆斯.芬顿任牛津大学教授,主讲诗学。而且他曾为维克多.雨果的长篇巨作《悲惨世界》的音乐剧写过剧本，该音乐剧风靡一时，芬顿获利颇丰。在此期间,他亦有写诗。

　　Covering the period from 1968 to 2011, “Yellow Tulips”, Mr Fenton's latest collection of new and previously⁷ published poems, traces his constant movement from place to place. In many respects it is remarkable⁸ that these poems were written at all. Some were composed after Mr Fenton fled from Cambodia in 1975, just before it fell to the Khmer Rouge⁹, or in Hong Kong, Germany and the Philippines, where he was posted on various assignments. They feature downtrodden hotels or bars, diplomatic dinners and country estates, reflecting the life of a journalist who finds himself continually displaced. He describes student hangovers and heartbreak (and shows the uncanny similarities between the two). But his most common theme is combat, and how it affects those who have the least say in it, “those whom geography condemns¹⁰ to war”.

　　芬顿的最新诗集《黄色郁金香》收录了他1968年至2011年间出版的新旧诗篇，从这些诗，我们可以看到他在这段时间辗转于不同地方的经历。从很多方面来说，能写出这样的诗本身便是很神奇的。一些诗歌是在芬顿1975年逃离柬埔寨之后创作的，也就是红色高棉事件发生之前，一些是香港、德国和菲律宾写的。他曾因各种原因被派到这些地方。这些诗歌以那些被剥削压迫的小旅馆或酒吧，外交晚宴还有乡村庄园为背景，反映了诗人长期背井离乡的记者生涯。他描述了学生的宿醉与心碎（并且在他的诗间，我们可见两者之间离奇的相似之处）。而芬顿最常写的其实是“战争”，以及那些在战争中最没发言权的人们，“那些人为艰苦的地理环境所迫，不得不选择战争”。

　　Mr Fenton describes visiting an orphanage¹¹ of exiled Cambodian children, each “caught in the tight security of grief”. He writes from the perspective of a 16-year-old soldier in Phnom Penh, his verse suddenly bristling¹² with danger. His poetry waits “for reinforcements to arrive” or remembers “drivers, interpreters” and how “Death waved them through the checkpoint. They were lost.” On the whole, he manages to tackle these political themes without descending¹³ into sentimentality.

　　芬顿描绘了他在一家收容那些流亡的柬埔寨孤儿的孤儿院的所见所闻，在那里，每个人都被忧伤所缠绕。他从一位柬埔寨金边的16岁战士的视角切入，整首诗弥漫着一种危险的气息。他的诗描绘了他们是如何等待救兵，回忆了他们的司机和翻译，讲述了“他们如何在关卡死里逃生。那时他们已经迷路啦。”概言之，芬顿在处理这些政治主题时成功地没有陷入到情绪化的漩涡当中。

　　Instead, there is a constant satirical edge, and a certain bite to his tightly rhythmic¹⁴ verse. A keen observer, his poetry excels in the minute description, and the audacity¹⁵ of a rhyming phrase: “Tiananmen/ Is broad and clean/And you can't tell/Where the dead have been.” Often impersonating the voices of others, Mr Fenton revels¹⁶ in using the forms of narrative¹⁷ poems or ballads¹⁸, taking these older poetic¹⁹ structures and bringing them up to date.

　　相反，他的诗节奏紧凑，往往似讽非讽。读者如果足够敏锐，便会发现他的细节描写极为杰出，且敢于用押韵的词句：“天安门广场，洁净而宽敞，难以分辨，亡者曾几何处葬。”芬顿善用叙事诗或者情诗的形式，拟声的手法，将旧的诗歌形式适用于新的时代，来表达自己的思想。

　　However, some of his poems are less powerful. Mr Fenton's early love poetry, in particular, lacks the wit of his later work, and his political statements are occasionally rather crude: “Blank terror doth stalk/ The poets of New York.” This is a shame; the many fine poems in the collection stand proud on their own.

　　但他的一部分诗却有些软绵绵的。尤其是他早期的爱情诗，不及他后期作品来得灵动。而且他言及政治时，偶有粗鲁处：“极度的恐慌惊扰了纽约的诗人们。”这是一种缺憾吧，但那些收到了诗集里的好诗，数目众多，卓然于世。

　　Mr Fenton's recent work is particularly good. More contemplative and meditative²⁰, poems such as “At the Kerb”, which is dedicated²¹ to Mick Imlah, a British poet who died at 52 in 2009 of motor neurone disease, show the more mature side of Mr Fenton's voice.

　　芬顿先生的近期作品尤是优异，其思想愈见成熟，亦更见深度，便如他献给英国诗人米克.伊姆拉的《在路边石》。米克.伊姆拉因运动神经疾病，卒于2009年，享年52岁。于此诗间，我们可见芬顿诗歌更为成熟的一面。

　　Brutal²² disease has numbered him a victim,

　　残虐的病魔，数次纠缠，

　　As if some unmarked car had appeared one day

　　仿若哪一日不知什么车便会出现，

　　And snatched him off to torture and confinem

　　抓他去囚禁、折磨，

　　Then dumped him by the kerbside and sped away

　　继而扬长而去，弃他于路边。

　　Such moments are startling and help Mr Fenton's simple lyricism achieve a certain vivid gracefulness²³. The 17 recent poems that make up the last section of “Yellow Tulips” show the development of a compelling poetic voice. Most important, they suggest that there is more to come.

　　诗中的情境令人揪心，因之芬顿简单的抒情诗却取得了某种生动雅致。《黄色郁金香》最后一章节由十七首他近期创作的诗构成，从这些诗我们可见诗人愈见迷人的诗歌语言。更为重要的是，这些美妙的诗句间隐隐暗示着更深层的内涵。

1 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

2 journalism   

n.新闻工作，报业

参考例句：

• He's a teacher but he does some journalism on the side.他是教师，可还兼职做一些新闻工作。
• He had an aptitude for journalism.他有从事新闻工作的才能。

3 commentator   

n.注释者，解说者；实况广播评论员

参考例句：

• He is a good commentator because he can get across the game.他能简单地解说这场比赛，是个好的解说者。
• The commentator made a big mistake during the live broadcast.在直播节目中评论员犯了个大错误。

4 lucratively   

获利多的，赚钱的； 合算的

参考例句：

• a stepping stone to a more lucrative career 涉足更赚钱的行业的敲门砖
• He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline. 他决定把自己的爱好变成赚钱的副业。

5 libretto   

n.歌剧剧本，歌曲歌词

参考例句：

• The printed libretto was handsomely got up.这本印刷的歌剧剧本装帧得很美观。
• On the other hand,perhaps there is something to be said for the convenience of downloading a libretto in one's own home rather than looking for it in a library or book store.但是反过来看，或许尤为重要的是如果网

6 sprawling   

adj.蔓生的，不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 )；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着）

参考例句：

• He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV. 他伸开手脚坐在电视机前的一张扶手椅上。
• a modern sprawling town 一座杂乱无序拓展的现代城镇

7 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

8 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

9 rouge   

n.胭脂，口红唇膏；v.(在…上)擦口红

参考例句：

• Women put rouge on their cheeks to make their faces pretty.女人往面颊上涂胭脂，使脸更漂亮。
• She didn't need any powder or lip rouge to make her pretty.她天生漂亮，不需要任何脂粉唇膏打扮自己。

10 condemns   

v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的第三人称单数 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地

参考例句：

• Her widowhood condemns her to a lonely old age. 守寡使她不得不过着孤独的晚年生活。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The public opinion condemns prostitution. 公众舆论遣责卖淫。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

11 orphanage   

n.孤儿院

参考例句：

• They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage.他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。
• They gave the proceeds of the sale to the orphanage.他们把销售的收入给了这家孤儿院。

12 bristling   

a.竖立的

参考例句：

• "Don't you question Miz Wilkes' word,'said Archie, his beard bristling. "威尔克斯太太的话，你就不必怀疑了。 "阿尔奇说。他的胡子也翘了起来。
• You were bristling just now. 你刚才在发毛。

13 descending   

n. 下行 adj. 下降的

参考例句：

• The results are expressed in descending numerical order . 结果按数字降序列出。
• The climbers stopped to orient themselves before descending the mountain. 登山者先停下来确定所在的位置，然后再下山。

14 rhythmic   

adj.有节奏的，有韵律的

参考例句：

• Her breathing became more rhythmic.她的呼吸变得更有规律了。
• Good breathing is slow,rhythmic and deep.健康的呼吸方式缓慢深沉而有节奏。

15 audacity   

n.大胆，卤莽，无礼

参考例句：

• He had the audacity to ask for an increase in salary.他竟然厚着脸皮要求增加薪水。
• He had the audacity to pick pockets in broad daylight.他竟敢在光天化日之下掏包。

16 revels   

n.作乐( revel的名词复数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉v.作乐( revel的第三人称单数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉

参考例句：

• Christmas revels with feasting and dancing were common in England. 圣诞节的狂欢歌舞在英国是很常见的。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Dickens openly revels in the book's rich physical detail and high-hearted conflict. 狄更斯对该书中丰富多彩的具体细节描写和勇敢的争斗公开表示欣赏。 来自辞典例句

17 narrative   

n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的

参考例句：

• He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
• Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。

18 ballads   

民歌，民谣，特别指叙述故事的歌( ballad的名词复数 )； 讴

参考例句：

• She belted out ballads and hillbilly songs one after another all evening. 她整晚一个接一个地大唱民谣和乡村小调。
• She taught him to read and even to sing two or three little ballads,accompanying him on her old piano. 她教他读书，还教他唱两三首民谣，弹着她的旧钢琴为他伴奏。

19 poetic   

adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的

参考例句：

• His poetic idiom is stamped with expressions describing group feeling and thought.他的诗中的措辞往往带有描写群体感情和思想的印记。
• His poetic novels have gone through three different historical stages.他的诗情小说创作经历了三个不同的历史阶段。

20 meditative   

adj.沉思的，冥想的

参考例句：

• A stupid fellow is talkative;a wise man is meditative.蠢人饶舌，智者思虑。
• Music can induce a meditative state in the listener.音乐能够引导倾听者沉思。

21 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。

22 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

23 gracefulness   

参考例句：

• His manly beauty and more than common gracefulness were instantly the theme of general admiration. 他那男子气的美和出众的优雅风度马上成了大家赞扬的话题。 来自辞典例句
• Magnanimousness, tastefulness gracefulness are basic traits and characters of Shan cuisine. 这即是陕菜的基本特征及品性、风格。 来自互联网