经济学人445:世界上首次中微子通信服务

 　　Science and technology.

　　科技。

　　Neutrino communications

　　中微子通信

　　ET, phone home

　　外星人，致电家中

　　The world's first neutrino-messaging service

　　世界上首次中微子通信服务

　　PARTICLE physics is all very well for addressing trivial matters like "why are we here?" (see article). But some people question its practical usefulness. To answer such naysayers a group of physicists¹ at Fermilab have just submitted a paper to Modern Physics Letters A in which they describe how they have built themselves a neutrino-powered telephone.

　　粒子物理学总是能很好地解决我们生活中遇到的像"为什么我们在这里？"这类的琐事。但是一些人会质疑它的实际可行性。为了消除类似的质疑，费米实验室的一群物理学家刚向物理学界权威杂志Modern Physics Letters A提交了一篇论文，论文中描述着他们怎样为自己成功定制了利用中微子载波的无线电通信电话。

　　Naturally, their neutrinophone is digital. A pulse of neutrinos (small, elusive³ subatomic particles with no electric charge) corresponds to the digit² "1" while no pulse corresponds to "0". The neutrinos themselves are created by smashing bunches of protons into a target made of graphite. They are detected roughly 1km away by researchers who, in their day jobs, work on a neutrino collaboration⁴ called MINERvA. By modulating⁵ the pulses of protons the group was able to send a message in binary⁶ that, when translated, read "neutrino". Whether this will go down in history alongside Alexander Graham Bell's first message, "Mr Watson, come here, I want to see you," remains⁷ to be seen.

　　显然，他们的中微子电话通信是数字化的。一个中微子（一种不带电荷形态诡异的亚原子粒子）脉冲对应着逻辑电平"1"，没有脉冲时就对应着逻辑电平"0"。中微子产生于一些质子束轰击一个石墨目标后产生脉冲介子，介子随后衰变而成。整天工作于一个「主注入器之中微子V-A交互作用实验（MINERvA）的研究员们在大概在一公里远处能检测到中微子。通过对质子束脉冲的调制编码后，以二进制码的形式进行中微子传输。是否这将延续亚历山大?格拉汉姆?贝尔(Alexander Graham Bell)的历史，以"Watson先生，请过来，我想见到你"进行首次中微子通信，我们拭目以待。

　　The point, though, apart from sheer wackiness, is that neutrinos are not easily intercepted⁸ by collisions with other sorts of matter. If humanity wanted to broadcast its existence to intelligent life forms that might be out in the galaxy⁹ listening, a modulated¹⁰ beam of neutrinos would be a good way of doing so. Conversely, some people argue that listening for ET at radio frequencies is the wrong approach. The right one, they think, would be to build a neutrino-receiver. And that would mean plenty of work for neutrino physicists. Perhaps, then, from its makers¹¹' point of view, the neutrinophone is not such a nutty idea, after all.

　　然而，重要的不仅是其古怪性而且中微子在传输中当受到其他物质的撞击时不容易被破坏。如果人类想让远在银河系的地方听到充满智慧生命存在性的广播，那么经过调制的中微子光束则是使他实现的一种很好的方式。相反，一些人认为利用无线电广播频率收听外星人是一种错误的方式。他们认为正确的方式应该是搭建一个中微子载波的接收器。这就意味着中微子的物理学家将需要做大量的工作。那么，也许中微子电话的制造商会认为，毕竟中微子电话并非是一个疯狂的创意。

1 physicists   

物理学家( physicist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• For many particle physicists, however, it was a year of frustration. 对于许多粒子物理学家来说，这是受挫折的一年。 来自英汉非文学 - 科技
• Physicists seek rules or patterns to provide a framework. 物理学家寻求用法则或图式来构成一个框架。

2 digit   

n.零到九的阿拉伯数字，手指，脚趾

参考例句：

• Her telephone number differs from mine by one digit.她的电话号码和我的只差一个数字。
• Many animals have five digits.许多动物有5趾。

3 elusive   

adj.难以表达(捉摸)的；令人困惑的；逃避的

参考例句：

• Try to catch the elusive charm of the original in translation.翻译时设法把握住原文中难以捉摸的风韵。
• Interpol have searched all the corners of the earth for the elusive hijackers.国际刑警组织已在世界各地搜查在逃的飞机劫持者。

4 collaboration   

n.合作，协作；勾结

参考例句：

• The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
• He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。

5 modulating   

调整( modulate的现在分词 )； （对波幅、频率的）调制； 转调； 调整或改变（嗓音）的音调

参考例句：

• In his horn solo,he kept modulating from key to key. 他在喇叭独奏时不断地变调。
• Water vapour and clouds are the primary variables modulating direct solar absorption. 水汽和云是调节直接太阳吸收的主要要素。

6 binary   

adj.二，双；二进制的；n.双(体)；联星

参考例句：

• Computers operate using binary numbers.计算机运行运用二进位制。
• Let us try converting the number itself to binary.我们试一试，把这个数本身变成二进制数。

7 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

8 intercepted   

拦截( intercept的过去式和过去分词 )； 截住； 截击； 拦阻

参考例句：

• Reporters intercepted him as he tried to leave the hotel. 他正要离开旅馆，记者们把他拦截住了。
• Reporters intercepted him as he tried to leave by the rear entrance. 他想从后门溜走，记者把他截住了。

9 galaxy   

n.星系；银河系；一群(杰出或著名的人物)

参考例句：

• The earth is one of the planets in the Galaxy.地球是银河系中的星球之一。
• The company has a galaxy of talent.该公司拥有一批优秀的人才。

10 modulated   

已调整[制]的，被调的

参考例句：

• He carefully modulated his voice. 他小心地压低了声音。
• He had a plump face, lemur-like eyes, a quiet, subtle, modulated voice. 他有一张胖胖的脸，狐猴般的眼睛，以及安详、微妙和富于抑扬顿挫的嗓音。

11 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》