经济学人515:澳洲移民 希望之地

　　Migrants in Australia
澳洲移民
The promised land
希望之地
Chinese immigrants are remaking entire suburbs of Australia's biggest city
中国移民重构悉尼郊区
Dinkum incomes in China Town
繁华的唐人街
NANCY LIU arrived in Sydney from China as a “skilled immigrant” with an economics degree 14 years ago. With her husband, she set up a business consultancy in the suburb of Hurstville, once an Anglo-Celtic working-class stronghold. Since then, Chinese investment has transformed it: most of its shop signs are now in Chinese. Last year, Ms Liu was elected Hurstville's deputy mayor.
14年前，拥有经济学学位的刘南希作为“技术移民”从中国来到悉尼，与丈夫一起成立了一家商业咨询公司。这家公司位于赫斯特维尔的郊区，曾一度是英国凯特尓工人的大本营。自那以后，中国投资便改变着它：如今大部分商店的标示都是中文。刘女士也在去年当选赫斯特维尔的副市长。
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Ms Liu was a forerunner¹ of a new wave of Chinese immigrants to Australia's oldest and biggest city. Hong Kong once supplied most of Australia's Chinese settlers, but over the past few years the pattern has shifted. Now it is the rising middle classes from mainland China who go there, looking for a cleaner, more relaxed lifestyle. About 4% of Sydney's 4.6m people were born in China. Hurstville's China-born population is about a third of its total and almost half its residents claim Chinese ancestry².
刘女士是新一轮中国向澳洲历史最悠久也是最大城市移民潮中的先行者。澳洲中国移民中一度以香港移民为主，不过在过去几年中，这种格局已经悄然改变。如今越来越多的中产阶级从中国大陆来到这里，期冀一种洁净、轻松的生活。悉尼460万人口中大约4%生于中国。赫斯特维尔中生于中国的人口大约有1/3，而且近半居民有中国血统。
But China's emergence³ as Australia's biggest trading partner, and its largest source of foreign university students, has revolutionised the relationship. In the fiscal⁴ year 2011-12, more than 25,000 Chinese people obtained permanent residence in Australia. Most of them were from the new middle classes. Then in late 2012 Australia launched a “significant investor” visa, aimed at China's super-rich. To get one, people need A5m to sink in “qualifying” investments. After investing for four years, successful applicants⁵ can apply for permanent residence.Sydney's first Chinese immigrants arrived as farm workers in the 1840s. The gold rush a decade later drew more. “Celestial City: Sydney's Chinese story”, an exhibition at the Museum of Sydney, shows what happened next. By the 1880s, political fears of a “Chinese invasion” sparked anti-Asian immigration laws known as the White Australia policy, which lasted well into the 20th century.
不过中国成为澳大利亚最大的贸易伙伴、最大留学生来源，这让两国关系有了翻天覆地的变化。在2011—2012财年中，超过25000中国移民获得了永久居住证。他们中的大部分来自新兴中产阶级。此后的2012年，澳大利亚又针对中国超级富豪推出了“重要投资者”签证。在澳投资5百万澳元就可以获得这一签证。投资4年后，优秀申请人可以申请永久居住证。悉尼第一位中国移民在19世纪40年代抵达后，成为农场工人。十年后的黄金热吸引了更多移民。在悉尼博物馆展出的“天空之城：悉尼的中国故事”展也讲述了接下来的事情。19世纪80年代，出于“中国入侵”的政治担忧，澳大利亚发布了反中国移民法案，业即“白色澳大利亚”事件。这一状况直持续到20世纪才得以改善。
The visas are called “subclass 188” and “subclass 888”. As the number eight represents luck and prosperity in Chinese culture, the visa's main target is obvious. More than 90% of 702 applicants so far have been Chinese.
这种签证被称为“幸运188”和“幸运888”。因为在中国文化中数字8代表着好运和财富，所以这种签证针对对象也显而易见。目前，702名申请者中超过90%的是中国人。
Many of the emigres are media-shy. But their influence is visible in Chatswood, another formerly⁶ Anglo-Australian suburb. Towers of apartments, many owned by Chinese immigrants, now overlook the Edwardian-era stone and timber bungalows⁷. Shops on the main street are crammed⁸ with Chinese noodles and vegetables, and Mandarin⁹ is the chief language among shoppers. Stacks of Chinese newspapers outnumber English ones.
许多流亡者避免出现在媒体前。不过他们在查斯伍德区的影响力显而易见，后者是另一个原英属澳洲的郊区。许多公寓楼由中国移民拥有，这里可以俯瞰爱德华时代的石头和木平房。中央街区的店面满是中式面条和菜式，普通话则是商家们的官方语言。成堆的中国报纸比英国的还多。
Yan Zhang, who settled in Sydney after studying at Macquarie University, orders a lunch of pork dumplings at the New Shanghai restaurant. He reckons the new wave of middle-class Chinese immigrants, who arrive with residence already granted, come to Australia for the same reasons he did. “They want to make life more enjoyable and more secure,” he says. “If I'd returned to China, I'd have had to be more selfish to survive.”
杨正从麦考瑞大学毕业后便定居于悉尼 。在新上海饭馆点了份猪肉饺子后，他认为，这次中产阶级移民浪潮中取得居住许可的移民们，多与他出于同样的原因。他说：“他们想让生活更加舒适、稳定。如果我想回中国，那我将为了生存而更加自私。”
1.look for 寻找,寻求
Second, look for work you believe is worthwhile.
其次，寻找你认为值得做的工作。
Look for a second job or odd jobs.
找第二份工作或者做零工。
2.aim at 针对；以…为目标；计划
Hinckley took aim at the president, and fired a revolver.
亨特立瞄准了总统，手枪开火了。
None of the investigations¹⁰ take aim at google's core advertising¹¹ business.
所有的这些调查均不是针对谷歌最核心的广告业务。
3.apply for 申请
Secrets to impressing their recruiters: "be selective with the positions you apply for.
求职秘诀：波特兰市中心滨水万豪酒店的人力资源总监雷娜?维瑟拉德说：“认真选择自己要应聘的岗位。
Only apply for a position if you meet all of the required qualifications.
只申请那些你符合所有要求的岗位。
4.come to 到达；共计
But all good things eventually come to an end.
但这些好事最终会到头。
But it didn't come to pass.
但是，并没有出现这种情况。

1 forerunner   

n.前身，先驱（者），预兆，祖先

参考例句：

• She is a forerunner of the modern women's movement.她是现代妇女运动的先驱。
• Penicillin was the forerunner of modern antibiotics.青霉素是现代抗生素的先导。

2 ancestry   

n.祖先，家世

参考例句：

• Their ancestry settled the land in 1856.他们的祖辈1856年在这块土地上定居下来。
• He is an American of French ancestry.他是法国血统的美国人。

3 emergence   

n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体

参考例句：

• The last decade saw the emergence of a dynamic economy.最近10年见证了经济增长的姿态。
• Language emerges and develops with the emergence and development of society.语言是随着社会的产生而产生，随着社会的发展而发展的。

4 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

5 applicants   

申请人，求职人( applicant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
• He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。

6 formerly   

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

• We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
• This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

7 bungalows   

n.平房( bungalow的名词复数 )；单层小屋，多于一层的小屋

参考例句：

• It was a town filled with white bungalows. 这个小镇里都是白色平房。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• We also seduced by the reasonable price of the bungalows. 我们也确实被这里单层间的合理价格所吸引。 来自互联网

8 crammed   

adj.塞满的，挤满的；大口地吃；快速贪婪地吃v.把…塞满；填入；临时抱佛脚( cram的过去式)

参考例句：

• He crammed eight people into his car. 他往他的车里硬塞进八个人。
• All the shelves were crammed with books. 所有的架子上都堆满了书。

9 Mandarin   

n.中国官话，国语，满清官吏；adj.华丽辞藻的

参考例句：

• Just over one billion people speak Mandarin as their native tongue.大约有十亿以上的人口以华语为母语。
• Mandarin will be the new official language of the European Union.普通话会变成欧盟新的官方语言。

10 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

11 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。