2022年经济学人 学打鼓对自闭症孩子有帮助

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Science & Technology

科技板块

Music therapy

音乐疗法

A drum, a drum, Clem Burke doth come

伴着鼓声Clem Burke来了

Learning drumming can help teenagers with the behavioural problems

学习击鼓可以帮助青少年解决行为问题

Music is good for the health.

音乐对健康有好处。

And drumming may be best of all.

打鼓可能是最好的选择。

As well as being physically¹ demanding, it requires people to synchronise² their limbs and to react to outside stimuli³, such as what the rest of the band is up to.

除了对身体的要求外，它还要求人们同步四肢，并对外部刺激做出反应，比如乐队其他成员正在做什么。

It is particularly helpful for children who have emotional and behavioural difficulties.

这对情绪和行为障碍的儿童特别有帮助。

Researchers at the Clem Burke Drumming Project -- an organisation⁴ named after Blondie’s drummer, who was one of its founders⁵ -- have shown that teaching such children to drum helps them to control their reactions more generally, to focus more effectively on tasks they are given, and to communicate better with other people.

克莱姆·伯克击鼓项目的研究人员表明，教这些孩子击鼓可以帮助他们更广泛地控制自己的反应，更有效地专注于任务，并更好地与他人交流。该组织以布朗迪的鼓手命名，他也是该组织的创始人之一。

The project’s latest work, published in the Proceedings⁶ of the National Academy of Sciences by a team led by Marie-Stephanie Cahart of King’s College, London, goes a step further.

该项目的最新成果发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上，由伦敦国王学院的玛丽-斯蒂芬妮·卡哈特领导的团队进行了进一步研究。

It looks at the neurological changes which accompany these shifts.

它着眼于伴随这些变化的神经变化。

Ms Cahart and her colleagues recruited 36 autistic teenagers and split them into two groups.

卡哈特女士和她的同事招募了36名患有自闭症的青少年，并将他们分成两组。

One lot had drum lessons twice a week for eight weeks.

其中一组每周上两次击鼓课，持续八周。

The others did not.

其他人则没有。

At the beginning and end of the project everyone was asked to stay still for 45 minutes in a functional⁷ magnetic-resonance imaging (fmri) machine, to see how the activity of their brains had changed.

在项目开始和结束时，每个人都被要求在功能性磁共振成像(FMRI)机器中保持45分钟不动，看看他们的大脑活动是如何变化的。

Their behaviour, as reported by their guardians⁸, was also recorded.

根据监护人报告，他们的行为会被记录下来。

As expected, most of the drumming group showed positive behavioural changes.

不出所料，击鼓组的大多数人表现出积极的行为变化。

And these were indeed reflected in their brains.

这些确实反映在他们的大脑中。

The fmri scans showed that several clusters of connectivity between parts of those brains had strengthened during the experiment.

功能磁共振成像扫描显示，在实验过程中，这些大脑部分之间的几个连接簇得到了加强。

In particular, two regions involved in attention control, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right inferior frontal gyrus, formed strong links, respectively, with places associated with introspection and with areas involved in deciphering facial expressions.

特别是，负责注意力控制的两个区域，即右侧背外侧前额叶皮质和右侧额下回，分别与内省相关的区域和与解读面部表情的区域形成了强大的联系。

These changes in the brain’s “wetware” thus nicely match the changes in behaviour which learning to drum induces.

因此，大脑“湿器”的这些变化很好地匹配了学习击鼓所引起的行为变化。

Not a surprise, perhaps.

也许这并不令人意外。

But a gratifying confirmation⁹ of drumming’s power to heal.

但令人欣慰的是，确实证实了击鼓的治愈能力。

1 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

2 synchronise   

n.同步器；v.使同时发生；使同步

参考例句：

• As they fly, they synchronise their wing beats. 飞行时，它们翅膀的拍打是同步的。
• The apps will synchronise with your ipad and download the latest content automatically.这些程序会与你的ipad同步，并自动下载最新的内容。

3 stimuli   

n.刺激（物）

参考例句：

• It is necessary to curtail or alter normally coexisting stimuli.必需消除或改变正常时并存的刺激。
• My sweat glands also respond to emotional stimuli.我的汗腺对情绪刺激也能产生反应。

4 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

5 founders   

n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
• The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句

6 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

7 functional   

adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的

参考例句：

• The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
• The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

8 guardians   

监护人( guardian的名词复数 )； 保护者，维护者

参考例句：

• Farmers should be guardians of the countryside. 农民应是乡村的保卫者。
• The police are guardians of law and order. 警察是法律和秩序的护卫者。

9 confirmation   

n.证实，确认，批准

参考例句：

• We are waiting for confirmation of the news.我们正在等待证实那个消息。
• We need confirmation in writing before we can send your order out.给你们发送订购的货物之前，我们需要书面确认。