2022年经济学人 前游击队员当选哥伦比亚总统

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The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻--政治

Gustavo Petro, a former leftist guerrilla, won Colombia’s election.

前左翼游击队员古斯塔沃·彼得罗赢得哥伦比亚大选。

Mr Petro, an ex-mayor of Bogotá, will become the country’s first left-wing president in August.

彼得罗是波哥大的前任市长，他将于8月成为该国首位左翼总统。

He won 50.4% of the vote to 47.3% for Rodolfo Hernández, a populist property tycoon¹.

他赢得了50.4%的选票，而民粹主义房地产大亨鲁道夫·埃尔南德斯的得票率为47.3%。

Investors² are nervous; Mr Petro has sought to reassure³ them by suggesting he would appoint a centrist finance minister.

投资者感到紧张; 彼得罗试图打消他们的疑虑，暗示他将任命一名中间派财政部长。

But he still plans to ban oil exploration, open-pit mining and fracking, and give all persistently⁴ unemployed⁵ people a government job.

但他仍计划禁止石油勘探、露天开采和水力压裂，并计划为所有长期失业的人提供一份政府工作。

Colombia’s currency and stock market wobbled after the result was announced.

结果公布后，哥伦比亚的货币和股票市场都出现了震荡。

Emmanuel Macron suffered a serious political reverse when his electoral grouping, Ensemble⁶, lost its majority in France’s parliamentary election.

埃马纽埃尔·马克龙领导的选举集团“在一起”(Ensemble)在法国议会选举中失去了多数席位，这让马克龙在政治上遭遇了严重的挫折。

Only recently re-elected as president, Mr Macron faces the prospect⁷ of a second term in which he will find it hard to advance his legislative⁸ agenda.

最近刚刚再次当选总统的马克龙将要面临第二个任期，他将发现在这个任期里很难推进自己的立法议程。

Some analysts⁹ think he may have to call a fresh election.

一些分析人士认为，他可能不得不重新举行选举。

His prime minister, Elisabeth Borne, offered her resignation, but Mr Macron has so far not accepted it.

法国总理伊丽莎白·伯恩提出辞职，但马克龙迄今尚未接受。

Spain’s ruling party, the Socialists¹¹, also suffered an election reverse when they lost control of the assembly in Andalucía, Spain’s most populous¹² region, and normally a Socialist¹⁰ stronghold.

西班牙执政党社会党失去了对安达卢西亚议会的控制，也遭遇了选举的逆转。安达卢西亚是西班牙人口最多的地区，通常是社会党的大本营。

Ukraine awaited the result of an EU summit that will confirm that it be formally recognised as a candidate for membership of the club (membership is still years away).

乌克兰正在等待欧盟峰会的结果，该结果将确认乌克兰被正式承认为该俱乐部成员的候选国(加入该俱乐部仍需数年时间)。

Moldova got the same recommendation, but Georgia was told it had more work to do.

摩尔多瓦得到了同样的建议，但格鲁吉亚被告知还有更多的工作要做。

Russia threatened Lithuania with “seriously negative” consequences for blocking rail shipments of goods subject to sanctions from Russia to the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad.

俄罗斯威胁立陶宛说，如果立陶宛阻止俄罗斯向俄罗斯飞地加里宁格勒铁路运送受制裁的货物，将带来“严重的负面”后果。

Lithuania says it is enforcing EU rules.

立陶宛表示，正在执行欧盟的规定。

The German government said it would need to burn more coal.

德国政府表示，将需要燃烧更多的煤炭。

This reversal of previous green policies was part of a package of measures to avert¹³ an energy crisis caused by a reduction in gas flows from Russia.

这一系列措施的一部分是对之前绿色政策的逆转，目的是避免因俄罗斯天然气流量减少而导致的能源危机。

Households’ heating usage could also be capped.

家庭取暖使用量也可能受到限制。

A bill that would enhance background checks for people under the age of 21 who try to buy a gun advanced in the United States Senate.

美国参议院通过了一项法案，该法案将加强对21岁以下试图购买枪支者的背景调查。

The bill has enough Republican support to overcome a filibuster¹⁴.

该法案得到了共和党足够的支持，足以克服阻挠议事的障碍。

By global standards it is the mildest of gun-control bills, but John Cornyn, a Republican from Texas, was booed at his party’s state convention for supporting it.

按照全球标准，这是最温和的枪支管制法案，但德克萨斯州共和党人约翰·科宁却因支持该法案而在其所在的州大会上遭到一片嘘声。

The same convention rejected the election of Joe Biden in 2020 as illegitimate and vowed¹⁵ to abolish the Federal Reserve.

该大会还否定了乔·拜登2020年当选总统，认为他的当选是非法的，并誓言要废除美联储。

1 tycoon   

n.有钱有势的企业家，大亨

参考例句：

• The tycoon is on the verge of bankruptcy.那名大亨濒临破产的边缘。
• The tycoon has many servants to minister to his needs.那位大亨有很多人服侍他。

2 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

3 reassure   

v.使放心，使消除疑虑

参考例句：

• This seemed to reassure him and he continued more confidently.这似乎使他放心一点，于是他更有信心地继续说了下去。
• The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe.航空公司尽力让乘客相信飞机是安全的。

4 persistently   

ad.坚持地；固执地

参考例句：

• He persistently asserted his right to a share in the heritage. 他始终声称他有分享那笔遗产的权利。
• She persistently asserted her opinions. 她果断地说出了自己的意见。

5 unemployed   

adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的

参考例句：

• There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
• The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。

6 ensemble   

n.合奏(唱)组；全套服装；整体，总效果

参考例句：

• We should consider the buildings as an ensemble.我们应把那些建筑物视作一个整体。
• It is ensemble music for up to about ten players,with one player to a part.它是最多十人演奏的合奏音乐，每人担任一部分。

7 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

8 legislative   

n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的

参考例句：

• Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
• Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。

9 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

10 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

11 socialists   

社会主义者( socialist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The socialists saw themselves as true heirs of the Enlightenment. 社会主义者认为自己是启蒙运动的真正继承者。
• The Socialists junked dogma when they came to office in 1982. 社会党人1982年上台执政后，就把其政治信条弃之不顾。

12 populous   

adj.人口稠密的，人口众多的

参考例句：

• London is the most populous area of Britain.伦敦是英国人口最稠密的地区。
• China is the most populous developing country in the world.中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家。

13 avert   

v.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等)

参考例句：

• He managed to avert suspicion.他设法避嫌。
• I would do what I could to avert it.我会尽力去避免发生这种情况。

14 filibuster   

n.妨碍议事，阻挠；v.阻挠

参考例句：

• A senator dragged the subject in as a filibuster.一个参议员硬把这个题目拉扯进来，作为一种阻碍议事的手法。
• The democrats organized a filibuster in the senate.民主党党员在参议院上组织了阻挠议事。

15 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。