2022年经济学人 亚马逊原始部落谋杀案真相揭秘(2)

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Deforestation fell from 27,700 square kilometres (10,700 square miles) in 2004 to 4,400 square kilometres in 2012.

森林砍伐面积从2004年的27,700平方公里(10,700平方英里)下降到2012年的4,400平方公里。

By the same token, after centuries of decline, Brazil’s indigenous¹ population has been enjoying a sustained increase, from fewer than 100,000 in 1960 to 1.1m today, thanks to better health care and the protection of their lands and livelihoods².

同样，在经历了几个世纪的衰落后，巴西的土著人口一直在持续增长，从1960年的不到10万人增长到今天的110万人，这要感谢更好的医疗保健以及对他们土地和生计的保护。

Over the past decade environmental progress has reversed, however, owing both to pressure from the farmers’ lobby and budget cuts.

然而，在过去十年中，由于来自农民游说团体的压力和预算削减，环境进步出现了逆转。

The fate of Messrs Pereira and Phillips highlights new threats.

佩雷拉和菲利普斯的命运凸显了新的威胁。

As Brazil has become a big consumer and exporter of cocaine³, organised crime has spread across the Amazon.

随着巴西成为可卡因消费大国和出口国，有组织的犯罪在亚马逊地区蔓延。

The Javari joins the Amazon where Brazil intersects with Peru and Colombia.

在巴西与秘鲁和哥伦比亚交汇处，查瓦利河汇入亚马逊河。

It has become a drug route.

它已经成为一条贩毒路线。

Environmentalists say that narcotraffickers have diversified⁴ into environmental crimes, such as smuggling⁵ ill-gotten timber and endangered animals.

环保人士说，毒枭已经发展成为环境犯罪，比如走私非法获得的木材和濒危动物。

The murder rate in rural areas in the Amazon is rising and is now above the national average.

亚马逊地区农村地区的谋杀率正在上升，目前高于全国平均水平。

The most insidious⁶ threat comes from Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s president since 2019.

最隐秘的威胁来自2019年以来担任巴西总统的贾尔·博尔索纳罗。

He is contemptuous of environmentalism and of indigenous reserves, which he sees as unfairly blocking economic development (a minority of the indigenous agree with him).

他蔑视环保主义和土著保护区，他认为这不公平地阻碍了经济发展(少数土著同意他的观点)。

A former army officer, he embodies⁷ the military’s nationalist view of the Amazon: that it must be settled if Brazil is to secure its sovereignty over it.

作为一名前军官，他体现了军方对亚马逊的民族主义观点：如果巴西要确保对亚马逊的主权，就必须解决这个问题。

And he won the votes of many of the 29m people who now live in the Amazon, including farmers, garimpeiros and townspeople.

他赢得了目前生活在亚马逊地区的2900万人中的许多人的选票，其中包括农民、非法淘金者和城镇居民。

Mr Bolsonaro has slashed⁸ spending on enforcement by Ibama, the environment agency, by two-thirds and reduced its powers.

博尔索纳罗已将环境机构Ibama的执法支出削减了三分之二，并削减了其权力。

As for Funai, the body that protects indigenous people, Mr Bolsonaro called it “a nest of rats”.

至于保护土著人民的机构Funai，博尔索纳罗称其为“老鼠窝”。

He has brought in military officers to run it.

他已经请来了军官来管理它。

All this has encouraged those who break environmental laws, such as the illegal fishermen on the Javari river.

所有这些都鼓励了那些违反环境法的人，比如查瓦利河上的非法渔民。

The president appeared to blame Mr Phillips for his own death, saying, “That Englishman was disliked in the area because he wrote a lot against garimpeiros, environmental issues, people didn’t like him.

总统将菲利普斯先生的死归咎于他自己，他说：“那个英国人在这个地区不受欢迎，因为他写了很多反对非法淘金者、环境问题的文章，人们不喜欢他。

He should have been much more careful.”

他本应该更加小心才对。

Environmentalists hope that Lula, as the ex-president is known, will defeat Mr Bolsonaro in the presidential election in October.

环保主义者希望卢拉，也就是众所周知的前总统，能在10月份的总统选举中击败博尔索纳罗。

Lula’s campaign platform promises to defend the rights and lands of indigenous people, to rebuild Ibama and Funai, and to fight deforestation.

卢拉的竞选纲领承诺捍卫土著人民的权利和土地，重建Ibama和Funai，并打击森林砍伐。

But in the Amazon, all that becomes harder with each year that passes.

但在亚马逊，随着时间的推移，这一切变得越来越困难。

1 indigenous   

adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的

参考例句：

• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。

2 livelihoods   

生计，谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者，他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小，他们的传统生计受到了威胁。

3 cocaine   

n.可卡因，古柯碱（用作局部麻醉剂）

参考例句：

• That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
• Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。

4 diversified   

adj.多样化的，多种经营的v.使多样化，多样化( diversify的过去式和过去分词 )；进入新的商业领域

参考例句：

• The college biology department has diversified by adding new courses in biotechnology. 该学院生物系通过增加生物技术方面的新课程而变得多样化。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Take grain as the key link, develop a diversified economy and ensure an all-round development. 以粮为纲，多种经营，全面发展。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 smuggling   

n.走私

参考例句：

• Some claimed that the docker's union fronted for the smuggling ring.某些人声称码头工人工会是走私集团的掩护所。
• The evidence pointed to the existence of an international smuggling network.证据表明很可能有一个国际走私网络存在。

6 insidious   

adj.阴险的，隐匿的，暗中为害的，（疾病）不知不觉之间加剧

参考例句：

• That insidious man bad-mouthed me to almost everyone else.那个阴险的家伙几乎见人便说我的坏话。
• Organized crime has an insidious influence on all who come into contact with it.所有和集团犯罪有关的人都会不知不觉地受坏影响。

7 embodies   

v.表现( embody的第三人称单数 )；象征；包括；包含

参考例句：

• The new treaty embodies the aspirations of most nonaligned countries. 新条约体现了大多数不结盟国家的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This document embodies the concern of the government for the deformity. 这个文件体现了政府对残疾人的关怀。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

8 slashed   

v.挥砍( slash的过去式和过去分词 )；鞭打；割破；削减

参考例句：

• Someone had slashed the tyres on my car. 有人把我的汽车轮胎割破了。
• He slashed the bark off the tree with his knife. 他用刀把树皮从树上砍下。 来自《简明英汉词典》