2022年经济学人 拜登《降低通胀法案》真的能抗通胀吗？

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The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻--政治

After months of gridlock, America’s Senate passed a giant spending bill focusing on climate change, health care and tax reform.

僵持数月，美国参议院通过了一项庞大的开支法案，重点关注气候变化、医疗保健和税收改革。

In a big advance for Joe Biden’s green agenda, families and companies will be given incentives¹ to buy electric cars and energy-efficient appliances, and clean-energy generation will be expanded.

作为乔·拜登环保议程的一大进展，政府将鼓励家庭和企业购买电动汽车和节能电器，并扩大清洁能源发电。

On health, the government will be allowed to negotiate lower prices with drug firms, which will benefit the elderly.

在医疗方面，政府将被允许与制药公司谈判较低的价格，这将使老年人受益。

The tax reforms include a 15% minimum corporate² tax based on income reported to shareholders³.

税改包括根据向股东申报的收入征收15%的最低公司税。

Named the Inflation Reduction Act, it is anything but.

这项名为《降低通胀法案》的法案根本不能降低通胀。

Still, it is a win for Mr Biden, a year after the demise⁴ of his larger $3.5trn spending bill.

尽管如此，这对拜登来说是一场胜利，一年前，他提出的规模更大的3.5万亿美元支出计划夭折了。

The FBI searched Mar-a-Lago, Donald Trump⁵’s home in Palm Beach, apparently⁶ looking for documents he took from the White House.

美国联邦调查局搜查了唐纳德·特朗普位于棕榈滩的海湖庄园，显然是为了寻找他从白宫带走的文件。

Mr Trump complained: “Nothing like this has ever happened to a President of the United States before.” (Which is true.)

特朗普抱怨道：“美国总统从来没有遇到过这样的事情。”(这是真的。)

Republicans vowed⁷ to investigate the investigators⁸, should they win the mid-term elections in November.

共和党人誓言，如果他们在11月的中期选举中获胜，他们将对这些调查人员展开调查。

Democrats⁹ were torn between applauding the investigation¹⁰ and fretting¹¹ that it might make Mr Trump look, to his fans, like a martyr¹².

民主党人左右为难，一方面想支持调查，另一方面又担心调查可能会让特朗普在他的粉丝眼中看起来像个烈士。

Indiana’s legislature approved a near-total ban on abortion¹⁴, making it the first state to do so since the Supreme¹⁵ Court struck down Roe¹⁶ v Wade¹⁷, which had created a federal right to abort¹³.

印第安纳州的立法机构通过了一项几乎完全禁止堕胎的法案，使其成为自最高法院推翻罗诉韦德案以来的首个这样做的州，该案件创造了一项联邦堕胎权。

However, other Republican states are hesitating to enact¹⁸ similar bans, which are often unpopular.

然而，其他支持共和党的州正在犹豫是否要颁布类似的禁令，这些禁令往往不受欢迎。

For three days the Israeli air force hit members of Palestinian Islamic Jihad in Gaza, killing¹⁹ two of its commanders and, according to Palestinian sources, leaving at least 42 other people dead, including 15 children.

以色列空军连续三天袭击加沙地带的巴勒斯坦伊斯兰圣战组织成员，打死了该组织的两名指挥官。根据巴勒斯坦方面的消息，还造成至少42人死亡，其中包括15名儿童。

Israel, which suffered no losses from hundreds of missiles fired by the jihadists, said it was acting²⁰ pre-emptively to forestall²¹ planned attacks.

圣战分子发射的数百枚导弹并没有给以色列造成损失，以色列表示，他们正在采取先发制人的行动，以阻止有计划的袭击。

Hamas, the Islamist group that controls Gaza, kept out of the fray²².

控制加沙地带的伊斯兰组织哈马斯没有参与冲突。

Egypt helped secure a ceasefire.

埃及帮助促成了停火。

Kenyans voted for a new president.

肯尼亚人投票选举新总统。

The race appeared to be close.

这场竞选似乎势均力敌。

William Ruto, the deputy president, squared off against Raila Odinga, an opposition²³ leader running for a fifth time.

副总统威廉·鲁托与第五次参选的反对派领袖拉伊拉·奥廷加展开了较量。

Mr Odinga sought to assemble an old-fashioned ethnic²⁴ coalition²⁵; Mr Ruto made extravagant²⁶ promises to Kenya’s have-nots.

奥廷加试图组建一个老式的民族联盟;鲁托对肯尼亚的穷人做出了慷慨的承诺。

Antony Blinken, America’s secretary of state, outlined the Biden administration’s new strategy for engaging with Africa, which will focus on promoting democracy.

美国国务卿安东尼·布林肯概述了拜登政府与非洲接洽的新战略，重点将是促进民主。

Speaking in Pretoria, South Africa’s capital, he argued that poor governance and a lack of democracy make countries vulnerable to extremist movements and foreign influence.

他在南非首都比勒陀利亚发表讲话时表示，治理不善和缺乏民主使国家容易受到极端主义运动和外国影响。

1 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

2 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

3 shareholders   

n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
• the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任

4 demise   

n.死亡；v.让渡，遗赠，转让

参考例句：

• He praised the union's aims but predicted its early demise.他赞扬协会的目标，但预期这一协会很快会消亡。
• The war brought about the industry's sudden demise.战争道致这个行业就这么突然垮了。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

7 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

8 investigators   

n.调查者，审查者( investigator的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• This memo could be the smoking gun that investigators have been looking for. 这份备忘录可能是调查人员一直在寻找的证据。
• The team consisted of six investigators and two secretaries. 这个团队由六个调查人员和两个秘书组成。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

11 fretting   

n. 微振磨损 adj. 烦躁的, 焦虑的

参考例句：

• Fretting about it won't help. 苦恼于事无补。
• The old lady is always fretting over something unimportant. 那位老妇人总是为一些小事焦虑不安。

12 martyr   

n.烈士，殉难者；vt.杀害，折磨，牺牲

参考例句：

• The martyr laid down his life for the cause of national independence.这位烈士是为了民族独立的事业而献身的。
• The newspaper carried the martyr's photo framed in black.报上登载了框有黑边的烈士遗像。

13 abort   

v.使流产，堕胎；中止；中止(工作、计划等)

参考例句：

• The captain instructed them to abort the mission.上尉指示他们中止执行任务。
• With this button the user can abort the audio sequence.用户可以用该按钮终止音频序列。

14 abortion   

n.流产，堕胎

参考例句：

• She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
• A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。

15 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

16 roe   

n.鱼卵；獐鹿

参考例句：

• We will serve smoked cod's roe at the dinner.宴会上我们将上一道熏鳕鱼子。
• I'll scramble some eggs with roe?我用鱼籽炒几个鸡蛋好吗？

17 wade   

v.跋涉，涉水；n.跋涉

参考例句：

• We had to wade through the river to the opposite bank.我们只好涉水过河到对岸。
• We cannot but wade across the river.我们只好趟水过去。

18 enact   

vt.制定(法律)；上演，扮演

参考例句：

• The U.S. Congress has exclusive authority to enact federal legislation.美国国会是唯一有权颁布联邦法律的。
• For example,a country can enact laws and economic policies to attract foreign investment fairly quickly.例如一个国家可以很快颁布吸引外资的法令和经济政策。

19 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

20 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

21 forestall   

vt.抢在…之前采取行动；预先阻止

参考例句：

• I left the room to forestall involvements.我抢先离开了这房间以免受牵累。
• He followed this rule in order to forestall rumors.他遵守这条规矩是为了杜绝流言蜚语。

22 fray   

v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗

参考例句：

• Why should you get involved in their fray?你为什么要介入他们的争吵呢？
• Tempers began to fray in the hot weather.大热天脾气烦燥。

23 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

24 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

25 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

26 extravagant   

adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的

参考例句：

• They tried to please him with fulsome compliments and extravagant gifts.他们想用溢美之词和奢华的礼品来取悦他。
• He is extravagant in behaviour.他行为放肆。