2022年经济学人 巴西总统竞选连任不承认败选

The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻--政治

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a leftist former president, won Brazil’s election, beating Jair Bolsonaro, the populist right-wing incumbent¹.

巴西左翼前总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦击败民粹主义右翼现任总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗，赢得了大选。

Lula, as he is known, won 50.9% of the votes to Mr Bolsonaro’s 49.1%, the narrowest winning margin² since Brazil’s return to democracy in the 1980s.

众所周知，卢拉赢得了50.9%的选票，而博尔索纳罗获得了49.1%的选票，这是巴西自20世纪80年代回归民主以来的最小领先优势。

After the result was declared, Mr Bolsonaro refused to speak publicly for 45 hours.

在选举结果宣布后的45分钟里，博尔索纳罗没有接受公开讲话。

He eventually gave a two-minute speech and said he would comply with the constitution.

他最终发表了两分钟的演讲，表示他将遵守宪法。

He also asked supporters who had taken to the streets to stop blocking roads with lorries.

他还要求走上街头的支持者停止用卡车封锁道路。

Although Mr Bolsonaro did not explicitly⁴ concede, his chief of staff said that the transition of power would proceed smoothly⁵.

虽然博尔索纳罗没有明确承认败选，但他的幕僚长表示，权力交接将会顺利进行。

Binyamin Netanyahu, Israel’s longest-serving prime minister, seemed to be on track to return to office after a parliamentary election.

以色列任期最长的总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡似乎有望在议会选举后重返总理职位。

His bloc³ of religious and right-wing parties was set to take 62 to 65 of the 120 seats in the Knesset, Israel’s parliament.

他领导的宗教和右翼政党阵营将获得以色列议会的62到65个席位（共120个席位）。

Ethiopia and the leaders of the rebel region of Tigray agreed to stop fighting, offering hope of an end to a two-year civil war that has taken thousands of lives and starved millions of people under blockade in Tigray.

埃塞俄比亚和提格雷(埃塞俄比亚的一个州)叛军地区的领导人同意停战，这为结束长达两年的内战带来了希望。这场内战已经夺去了提格雷数千人的生命，使该州数百万人在封锁下挨饿。

In talks mediated⁶ by the African Union the two sides also agreed to a disarmament plan and to allow the flow of humanitarian⁷ aid.

在由非洲联盟调停的会谈中，双方还同意了一项解除武装的计划，并允许运入人道主义援助。

Twin bombings in Somalia’s capital, Mogadishu, killed at least 100 people in an attack claimed by al-Shabab, a jihadist group affiliated⁸ to al-Qaeda.

索马里首都摩加迪沙发生两起爆炸事故，造成至少100人遇难，基地组织下属的圣战组织青年党声称发起了这次袭击。

In recent weeks government forces have captured ten major towns from al-Shabab in an offensive supported by clan⁹ militias¹⁰.

最近几周，在由部落民兵支持的一次进攻中，政府军从青年党手中夺取了10个主要城镇。

Ghana’s government slashed¹¹ public spending, as it tries to contain a debt crisis that has caused interest rates to soar and its currency to sink.

加纳(非洲西部国家)政府大幅削减公共支出，试图遏制债务危机，这场危机已导致利率飙升、货币贬值。

It is in talks with the IMF over a rescue package.

该国正与国际货币基金组织就一揽子救援计划进行谈判。

Egypt arrested dozens of people accused of preparing anti-government protests coinciding with the COP27 environmental summit, which starts on November 6th.

埃及逮捕了数十人，他们被控在11月6日开幕的COP27(第二十七届联合国气候变化大会)环境峰会期间准备举行反政府抗议活动。

Rishi Sunak, Britain’s new prime minister, said he would attend the COP27 climate-change summit, reversing an earlier decision not to go because he was too busy.

英国新首相里希·苏纳克表示，他将出席COP27气候变化峰会，推翻了此前因公务繁忙而不出席的决定。

In his appointments to government jobs, Mr Sunak demoted the status of the minister for climate policies.

在任命政府职位时，苏纳克降低了气候政策部长的职位。

Tackling concerns that he is less committed to reducing emissions¹² than Boris Johnson was, Mr Sunak said: “There is no long-term prosperity without action on climate change.”

人们对他不像鲍里斯·约翰逊那样致力于减排表示担忧，苏纳克回应道: “如果不对气候变化采取行动，就不会有长期繁荣。”

1 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

2 margin   

n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘

参考例句：

• We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。

3 bloc   

n.集团；联盟

参考例句：

• A solid bloc of union members support the decision.工会会员团结起来支持该决定。
• There have been growing tensions within the trading bloc.贸易同盟国的关系越来越紧张。

4 explicitly   

ad.明确地，显然地

参考例句：

• The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. 该计划没有明确地支持土地私有制。
• SARA amended section 113 to provide explicitly for a right to contribution. 《最高基金修正与再授权法案》修正了第123条，清楚地规定了分配权。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

5 smoothly   

adv.平滑地，顺利地，流利地，流畅地

参考例句：

• The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作，所以工作进展顺利。
• Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。

6 mediated   

调停，调解，斡旋( mediate的过去式和过去分词 )； 居间促成； 影响…的发生； 使…可能发生

参考例句：

• He mediated in the quarrel between the two boys. 他调解两个孩子之间的争吵。
• The government mediated between the workers and the employers. 政府在工人与雇主间搞调和。

7 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

8 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。

9 clan   

n.氏族，部落，宗族，家族，宗派

参考例句：

• She ranks as my junior in the clan.她的辈分比我小。
• The Chinese Christians,therefore,practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan.所以，中国的基督徒简直是被逐出了自己的家族了。

10 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

11 slashed   

v.挥砍( slash的过去式和过去分词 )；鞭打；割破；削减

参考例句：

• Someone had slashed the tyres on my car. 有人把我的汽车轮胎割破了。
• He slashed the bark off the tree with his knife. 他用刀把树皮从树上砍下。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。