2022年经济学人 当代英雄匹诺曹（2）

Fun versus¹ duty, autonomy and submission², innocence³ and experience: Carlo Collodi’s tale, first published in Italian in serial⁴ form in 1881, suggests many enduring themes and interpretations⁵.

寻欢作乐还是担起责任、独立自主还是俯首听命、天真无邪还是久经考验：卡洛·科洛迪的故事于1881年首次以意大利语连载出版，呈现了许多经久不衰的主题和理解。

In the schmaltzy Disney take, when Pinocchio goes to Pleasure Island, supposedly a carefree paradise, it looks a lot like Disney World—an odd sort of marketing⁶, given all the visitors are turned into donkeys.

而在迪士尼的矫情版本中，当皮诺曹去欢乐岛时，这个设定为如天堂一般无忧无虑的地方看起来和迪士尼世界没什么两样。这种营销方式真的很怪，因为所有的游客都变成了驴。

As Geppetto, the puppet’s old man, Mr Hanks sets sail in a small boat, a sequence that could be an out-take from “Cast Away”, a desert-island movie he made with the same director, Robert Zemeckis.

汉克斯饰演的老木匠杰佩托驾着一艘小船启航时，不知道的还以为这一幕是从他与该片导演罗伯特·泽米吉斯合作的荒岛电影《荒岛余生》中剪下来的。

Geppetto brings the goldfish along in a bowl.

杰佩托是把金鱼装在碗里带着的。

You half-fear he might eat it.

让人有点担心他会把这条鱼吃掉。

Mr del Toro’s spin is deeper and darker.

德尔·托罗的诠释更加深刻，也更黑暗。

Strange as it is to say of an animated⁷ film narrated⁸ by a cricket (voiced by Ewan McGregor), there is little magic here.

说来奇怪，在他这版由蟋蟀(伊万·麦格雷戈配音)进行讲述的动画电影中，几乎没有提到魔法。

In a revamp set in Mussolini’s Italy, Geppetto fashions the puppet in a drunken fit of grief for a child he lost in the first world war.

该片将故事背景改为墨索里尼统治下的意大利，杰佩托在第一次世界大战中失去了一个孩子，之后于借酒浇愁之际造出了匹诺曹。

Instead of cavorting⁹ on Pleasure Island, Pinocchio is conscripted into a Fascist¹⁰ boot-camp; in his mistreated purity he is likened to Jesus Christ.

匹诺曹没有像以往的版本一样在欢乐岛上尽情玩乐，而是被征召到了法西斯新兵营；他就好比耶稣基督，他的纯洁受到了折磨。

The distinguishing feature of a real boy, in this telling, is that he can die.

在这个版本中，“真正的男孩”的显著特征就是他会死。

If that sounds bleak¹¹, try Collodi’s original text.

如果这听起来很悲观，不妨试试科洛迪的原著。

Even by the standards of children’s classics, it is macabre¹².

即使以儿童经典作品的标准来看，它也令人毛骨悚然。

Almost the first thing Pinocchio does is kill the annoying cricket.

可以说，匹诺曹做的第一件事就是杀死那只讨厌的蟋蟀。

He is stabbed, hanged, burned and enlisted¹³ as a farmer’s guard-dog; bandit weasels offer him a kickback¹⁴ to let them steal chickens.

匹诺曹经历过刺伤、吊死、焚烧，还被征召为农民的看门狗；土匪黄鼠狼还给过他回扣，好让他们偷鸡。

His is a world of violence, random¹⁵ death, corruption¹⁶, hunger and penury¹⁷.

他的世界充斥着暴力、随机死亡、腐败、饥饿和贫穷。

“When poverty is truly poverty, everyone—even kids—understands it,” says a zingy new translation by Anna Kraczyna and John Hooper (who also writes for The Economist).

安娜·克拉齐纳和约翰·胡珀(后者也是《经济学人》的撰稿人)在一篇有吸引力的新译本中写道：“当贫困是真正的贫困时，每个人--甚至是孩子--都能理解。”

This delinquent¹⁸ Pinocchio is “a lazy bum”.

这版的不良匹诺曹是个“懒汉”。

Like many nagging¹⁹ offspring, he is both famished²⁰ and a fussy²¹ eater.

他就像许多使人不得安宁的孩子一样，又饿又挑食。

Selfish and rude, he makes Geppetto miserable²².

他既自私又粗鲁，让杰佩托痛苦不堪。

In a suitably modern revision, Mr del Toro’s moral lies less in what children do to parents than what parents’ strictures and expectations do to children.

在符合现代标准的修订版本中，德尔·托罗想传达的寓意与其说是孩子对父母的影响，不如说是父母的约束和期望对孩子的影响。

Defiance²³, as much as devotion, becomes the goal of Pinocchio’s odyssey²⁴.

反抗和忠诚一样，成为了匹诺曹艰险旅程的目标。

Always, though, the crux²⁵ of the drama is found in the belly²⁶ of the beast—the sea monster which, after all their rows and misadventures, swallows both Pinocchio and Geppetto.

然而，这部戏剧的关键部分总是在海怪的肚子那里——在匹诺曹和杰佩托经历了所有的争吵和不幸之后，海怪把他们二人吞入了腹中。

Their reunion in its entrails blends biblical imagery with Freudian fever dream.

他们在海怪内脏中的重逢，融合了圣经的意象和弗洛伊德式的狂热梦境。

It captures an eternal truth about troubled souls and their dearest, hardest relationships: sometimes you have to sink to the bottom before you can grasp your way back up.

它体现了一个永恒的真理，这个真理关乎陷入困境的灵魂和他们最宝贵、最坚固的关系：有时你必须沉沦到谷底，才能重新找到出路。

1 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。

2 submission   

n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出

参考例句：

• The defeated general showed his submission by giving up his sword.战败将军缴剑表示投降。
• No enemy can frighten us into submission.任何敌人的恐吓都不能使我们屈服。

3 innocence   

n.无罪；天真；无害

参考例句：

• There was a touching air of innocence about the boy.这个男孩有一种令人感动的天真神情。
• The accused man proved his innocence of the crime.被告人经证实无罪。

4 serial   

n.连本影片，连本电视节目；adj.连续的

参考例句：

• A new serial is starting on television tonight.今晚电视开播一部新的电视连续剧。
• Can you account for the serial failures in our experiment?你能解释我们实验屡屡失败的原因吗？

5 interpretations   

n.解释( interpretation的名词复数 )；表演；演绎；理解

参考例句：

• This passage is open to a variety of interpretations. 这篇文章可以有各种不同的解释。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The involved and abstruse passage makes several interpretations possible. 这段艰涩的文字可以作出好几种解释。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

7 animated   

adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的

参考例句：

• His observations gave rise to an animated and lively discussion.他的言论引起了一场气氛热烈而活跃的讨论。
• We had an animated discussion over current events last evening.昨天晚上我们热烈地讨论时事。

8 narrated   

v.故事( narrate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Some of the story was narrated in the film. 该电影叙述了这个故事的部分情节。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Defoe skilfully narrated the adventures of Robinson Crusoe on his desert island. 笛福生动地叙述了鲁滨逊·克鲁索在荒岛上的冒险故事。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 cavorting   

v.跳跃( cavort的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The photos showed her cavorting on the beach with her new lover. 这些照片展现了她和新情人在海滩上放荡嬉戏的情景。
• If her heart would only stop bumping and drumming and cavorting. 要是她那颗心停止冲撞、轰鸣、急跳，那该多舒服啊！ 来自飘（部分）

10 fascist   

adj.法西斯主义的；法西斯党的；n.法西斯主义者，法西斯分子

参考例句：

• The strikers were roughed up by the fascist cops.罢工工人遭到法西斯警察的殴打。
• They succeeded in overthrowing the fascist dictatorship.他们成功推翻了法西斯独裁统治。

11 bleak   

adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的

参考例句：

• They showed me into a bleak waiting room.他们引我来到一间阴冷的会客室。
• The company's prospects look pretty bleak.这家公司的前景异常暗淡。

12 macabre   

adj.骇人的，可怖的

参考例句：

• He takes a macabre interest in graveyards.他那么留意墓地，令人毛骨悚然。
• Mr Dahl was well-known for his macabre adult stories called 'Tales of the Unexpected'.达尔先生以成人恐怖小说集《意料之外的故事》闻名于世。

13 enlisted   

adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持）

参考例句：

• enlisted men and women 男兵和女兵
• He enlisted with the air force to fight against the enemy. 他应募加入空军对敌作战。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

14 kickback   

n.酬金；佣金，回扣

参考例句：

• Mike got a kickback from a merchant.麦克从商人那里得到了回扣。
• The company had to kickback a lot to the corrupt officer.这家公司必须给腐败的政府官员很大一笔佣金。

15 random   

adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动

参考例句：

• The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。

16 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

17 penury   

n.贫穷，拮据

参考例句：

• Hardship and penury wore him out before his time.受穷受苦使他未老先衰。
• A succession of bad harvest had reduced the small farmer to penury.连续歉收使得这个小农场主陷入了贫困境地。

18 delinquent   

adj.犯法的，有过失的；n.违法者

参考例句：

• Most delinquent children have deprived backgrounds.多数少年犯都有未受教育的背景。
• He is delinquent in paying his rent.他拖欠房租。

19 nagging   

adj.唠叨的，挑剔的；使人不得安宁的v.不断地挑剔或批评（某人）( nag的现在分词 )；不断地烦扰或伤害（某人）；无休止地抱怨；不断指责

参考例句：

• Stop nagging—I'll do it as soon as I can. 别唠叨了—我会尽快做的。
• I've got a nagging pain in my lower back. 我后背下方老是疼。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 famished   

adj.饥饿的

参考例句：

• When's lunch?I'm famished!什么时候吃午饭？我饿得要死了！
• My feet are now killing me and I'm absolutely famished.我的脚现在筋疲力尽，我绝对是极饿了。

21 fussy   

adj.为琐事担忧的，过分装饰的，爱挑剔的

参考例句：

• He is fussy about the way his food's cooked.他过分计较食物的烹调。
• The little girl dislikes her fussy parents.小女孩讨厌她那过分操心的父母。

22 miserable   

adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的

参考例句：

• It was miserable of you to make fun of him.你取笑他，这是可耻的。
• Her past life was miserable.她过去的生活很苦。

23 defiance   

n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗

参考例句：

• He climbed the ladder in defiance of the warning.他无视警告爬上了那架梯子。
• He slammed the door in a spirit of defiance.他以挑衅性的态度把门砰地一下关上。

24 odyssey   

n.长途冒险旅行；一连串的冒险

参考例句：

• The march to Travnik was the final stretch of a 16-hour odyssey.去特拉夫尼克的这段路是长达16小时艰险旅行的最后一程。
• His odyssey of passion, friendship,love,and revenge was now finished.他的热情、友谊、爱情和复仇的漫长历程，到此结束了。

25 crux   

adj.十字形；难事，关键，最重要点

参考例句：

• The crux of the matter is how to comprehensively treat this trend.问题的关键是如何全面地看待这种趋势。
• The crux of the matter is that attitudes have changed.问题的要害是人们的态度转变了。

26 belly   

n.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛

参考例句：

• The boss has a large belly.老板大腹便便。
• His eyes are bigger than his belly.他眼馋肚饱。