2022年经济学人 移民危机再度困扰欧洲(1)

A new migration¹ crisis is brewing² in Europe.

一场新的移民危机正在欧洲酝酿。

Prepare for populism.

为民粹主义做好准备。

Lovely place, Belgrade.

贝尔格莱德是个不错的地方。

The Serbian capital attracts many tourists from far and wide, there to enjoy its diverse architecture and meat-heavy cuisine³.

塞尔维亚首都贝尔格莱德吸引了许多来自四面八方的游客，游客们在那里欣赏各种各样的建筑，享用以肉类为主的美食。

One recent batch⁴ of arrivals has raised eyebrows⁵, however.

然而，近期去往贝尔格莱德旅游的游客感到十分惊讶。

Few would have expected citizens of Burundi, the poorest country in the world, to plump for a Balkan holiday.

几乎没有人能想到，来自布隆迪这个世界上最贫穷的国家的公民能够来到巴尔干半岛度假。

And yet thousands have flown there since Serbia announced in 2018 that Burundians could visit without a visa - a rare privilege for Africans travelling to Europe.

然而，自2018年塞尔维亚宣布布隆迪人可以免签证访问塞尔维亚以来，已有数千名布隆迪人飞往那里——这对于想要前往欧洲的非洲人来说，是一种罕见的特权。

To nobody’s surprise the unexpected tourists were not there to admire Belgrade’s fine opera house.

毫无意外，这些让人意想不到的游客并不是来欣赏贝尔格莱德美丽的歌剧院的。

The European Union’s border force has reported a surge of Burundians arriving illegally in the bloc⁶, bits of which border Serbia (as people-smugglers charging $3,000 a head to cross that border well know).

欧盟边境部队报告称，非法进入欧盟各国的布隆迪人人数激增，其中一些移民就是通过塞尔维亚进入与其接壤的国家（众所周知，引渡非法移民的“蛇头”收取每人3000美元的费用，帮助非法移民越境）。

Authorities in Belgrade, which had nixed visa requirements for Burundi as thanks for it withdrawing diplomatic recognition of neighbouring Kosovo, are in the process of closing the loophole after the EU threatened to make it harder for Serbians themselves to enter.

此前，由于布隆迪撤回了对塞尔维亚科索沃独立的承认，贝尔格莱德当局取消了对布隆迪的签证要求。而在欧盟威胁要让塞尔维亚人更难入境后，贝尔格莱德当局正在填补这一漏洞。

Burundian fake tourists are not the only ones trying for a better life in Europe.

来自布隆迪的假游客并不是唯一想在欧洲过上更好生活的人。

Illegal entries into the EU have surged of late.

最近，非法进入欧盟的人数激增。

Some 281,000 have been logged since the start of the year, up by 77% since 2021.

自今年年初以来，已有约28.1万非法移民被记录在案，比2021年增长了77%。

The latest available figures show that in August alone some 84,500 asylum⁷ applications were lodged⁸ in the EU and its neighbours (this excludes Ukrainians, who need not apply for asylum to live in the EU for up to three years).

最新数据显示，仅8月份，欧盟及其邻国就提交了约8.45万份庇护申请（这不包括乌克兰人，欧盟向乌克兰人提供最多三年居住权，并且不需要申请庇护）。

That is the most in any month since a wave of arrivals in 2015-16 caused a migration crisis that roiled⁹ the continent.

这是自2015-2016年移民潮导致移民危机，扰乱欧洲大陆以来，移民人数最多的一个月。

Back then, the picture of a drowned Syrian toddler whose body had drifted onto a beach was seared into the public mind and prompted a generous - if belated and uneven¹⁰ - response which included Germany taking in more than 1m refugees.

移民危机发生时，一名溺水的叙利亚幼儿的身体漂浮到了海滩上，这一画面深深印在了公众的脑海中，并得到了宽厚的回应，其中仅德国就接收了100多万难民——虽然此时采取行动为时已晚，各国的反应也不尽相同。

So far this year 1,811 deaths have occurred in the Mediterranean¹¹, a grim tally¹².

截至目前，今年地中海已有1811人死亡，这是一个让人感到凄凉的的数字。

Amid war in Ukraine and an energy crisis across Europe, few seem to have much noticed.

但由于乌克兰战争和影响整个欧洲的能源危机，似乎很少有人注意到这一点。

A political spat¹³ may change that.

一场政治辩论可能会改变这一情况。

On November 11th French authorities reluctantly provided a berth¹⁴ for the Ocean Viking, a rescue boat carrying 230 migrants picked up trying to cross the Mediterranean.

11月11日，法国当局不情愿地为“海洋维京”号提供了一个泊位，这艘救援船载有230名试图穿越地中海的移民。

Italy had for weeks refused to let the boat near its shores; France stepped in to avoid loss of life and denounced its neighbour as behaving “irresponsibly” and in breach¹⁵ of legal norms.

几周来，意大利一直拒绝让这艘船靠近其海岸；法国为避免人员伤亡而介入，并谴责其邻国意大利的行为“不负责任”，违反了法律规范。

Giorgia Meloni, Italy’s new prime minister, had spent her first weeks in office trying to reassure¹⁶ EU partners worried about her hard-right platform and past praise of Mussolini.

意大利新总理乔治·梅洛尼最初上任的几周一直在安抚欧盟的其它成员国，这些国家对她的极右翼纲领和其过去对独裁者墨索里尼的赞扬表示担忧。

Unexpectedly, it had once looked as if she might form an opposites-attract duo with Emmanuel Macron, France’s president, or at least manage a civil relationship.

出人意料的是，过去人们认为梅洛尼或许能够与法国总统伊曼纽尔·马克龙“异性相吸”，或者至少能够达成一段更和平的关系。

That seems unlikely now.

现在看来，这似乎不太可能。

1 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

2 brewing   

n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• It was obvious that a big storm was brewing up. 很显然，一场暴风雨正在酝酿中。
• She set about brewing some herb tea. 她动手泡一些药茶。

3 cuisine   

n.烹调，烹饪法

参考例句：

• This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine.这本书是世界美食的权威指南。
• This restaurant is renowned for its cuisine.这家餐馆以其精美的饭菜而闻名。

4 batch   

n.一批(组，群)；一批生产量

参考例句：

• The first batch of cakes was burnt.第一炉蛋糕烤焦了。
• I have a batch of letters to answer.我有一批信要回复。

5 eyebrows   

眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Eyebrows stop sweat from coming down into the eyes. 眉毛挡住汗水使其不能流进眼睛。
• His eyebrows project noticeably. 他的眉毛特别突出。

6 bloc   

n.集团；联盟

参考例句：

• A solid bloc of union members support the decision.工会会员团结起来支持该决定。
• There have been growing tensions within the trading bloc.贸易同盟国的关系越来越紧张。

7 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

8 lodged   

v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属

参考例句：

• The certificate will have to be lodged at the registry. 证书必须存放在登记处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Our neighbours lodged a complaint against us with the police. 我们的邻居向警方控告我们。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 roiled   

v.搅混（液体）( roil的过去式和过去分词 )；使烦恼；使不安；使生气

参考例句：

• American society is being roiled by the controversy over homosexual marriage. 当今美国社会正被有关同性恋婚姻的争论搞得不得安宁。 来自互联网
• In the past few months, instability has roiled Tibet and Tibetan-inhabited areas. 在过去的几个月里，西藏和藏人居住区不稳定。 来自互联网

10 uneven   

adj.不平坦的，不规则的，不均匀的

参考例句：

• The sidewalk is very uneven—be careful where you walk.这人行道凹凸不平—走路时请小心。
• The country was noted for its uneven distribution of land resources.这个国家以土地资源分布不均匀出名。

11 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

12 tally   

n.计数器，记分，一致，测量；vt.计算，记录，使一致；vi.计算，记分，一致

参考例句：

• Don't forget to keep a careful tally of what you spend.别忘了仔细记下你的开支账目。
• The facts mentioned in the report tally to every detail.报告中所提到的事实都丝毫不差。

13 spat   

n.口角，掌击；v.发出呼噜呼噜声

参考例句：

• Her parents always have spats.她的父母经常有些小的口角。
• There is only a spat between the brother and sister.那只是兄妹间的小吵小闹。

14 berth   

n.卧铺，停泊地，锚位；v.使停泊

参考例句：

• She booked a berth on the train from London to Aberdeen.她订了一张由伦敦开往阿伯丁的火车卧铺票。
• They took up a berth near the harbor.他们在港口附近找了个位置下锚。

15 breach   

n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破

参考例句：

• We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
• He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。

16 reassure   

v.使放心，使消除疑虑

参考例句：

• This seemed to reassure him and he continued more confidently.这似乎使他放心一点，于是他更有信心地继续说了下去。
• The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe.航空公司尽力让乘客相信飞机是安全的。