纪录片《佛教世界的七大奇观》 印度摩诃菩提佛寺（4）

He called himself a guide and teacher.

他称自己为一个引路者和导师。

His message appealed to people of all social classes in ancient India, to merchants, to farmers, and to the untouchable caste.

他的教诲吸引了古印度所有社会阶层的人，包括商人、农夫，还有贱民阶层。

The Buddha¹, in the course of his spiritual awakening², rejected a good number of aspects of Hinduism.

佛陀在精神觉醒的过程中摒弃了许多印度教教义的诸多方面。

He rejected some philosophical³ components⁴ of Hindu beliefs.

例如，他摒弃了印度教信仰中的一些哲学成分。

He was very critical of the position of the Brahmins or priests in society at that time, which was a very elitist position.

他强烈批判当时处于社会精英阶层的婆罗门或祭司。

He was similarly critical of the caste system.

他同样批评种姓制度。

He positioned himself, as a result, outside of the caste system.

因此，他将自己置于种姓制度之外。

The Buddha spent his remaining years travelling through deep forests, across mango groves⁵, from village to village.

穿过芒果林，走村串巷。佛陀的余生就在丛林深处的游历中度过。

The curious would bring food and clothing for the philosopher and his band of followers⁶.

好奇的人们给佛陀和他的追随者带来食品和衣物。

And, in turn, he encouraged them to reconsider the purpose and point of life, to recalibrate their moral compass.

作为回报，他鼓励人们重新思考生命的目的与意义，以重新校准他们的道德指南针。

Although the Buddha didn't establish a church or temple system as such, over time, the significant locations in his life were gradually turned into shrines⁷.

尽管佛陀并未创立教堂或寺庙系统，但随着时光流逝，他生命中的几个重要地点都逐渐成为圣地。

Originally Bodh Gaya was just a pastoral sanctuary⁸, marked out with a stone balustrade, 200 years or so after his death.

在佛陀去世后的200多年里，菩提伽耶还只是一座有个石头围栏的乡村修行所。

But by the 6th century AD, a full-blown temple, the Mahabodhi Temple, marked the spot.

但是到公元6世纪时，一座完整的寺庙——摩诃菩提寺，已经矗立于此了。

About 400 years after the first temple, that was built here for the worshiping of the Bodhi tree, was replaced by this kind of a temple,

第一座用来朝拜菩提树的寺庙建于此地。大约四百年后，这座寺庙别另一种供奉佛像的寺庙所取代。

built to enshrine the iconic image of Buddha, which had gained currency by that time.

在当时，在寺庙中供奉佛像的做法已经广为流行。

The temple, particularly the Mahabodhi Temple, is representative of how important Buddhist⁹ temples were, and how, you know, this idea of building a temple to enshrine statues started from here.

寺庙，尤其是摩诃菩提寺，代表了佛教寺庙曾经有多么重要，而且说明了修建寺庙供奉佛像的理念是如何始于此地的。

1 Buddha   

n.佛；佛像；佛陀

参考例句：

• Several women knelt down before the statue of Buddha and prayed.几个妇女跪在佛像前祈祷。
• He has kept the figure of Buddha for luck.为了图吉利他一直保存着这尊佛像。

2 awakening   

n.觉醒，醒悟 adj.觉醒中的；唤醒的

参考例句：

• the awakening of interest in the environment 对环境产生的兴趣
• People are gradually awakening to their rights. 人们正逐渐意识到自己的权利。

3 philosophical   

adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的

参考例句：

• The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
• She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。

4 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

5 groves   

树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The early sun shone serenely on embrowned groves and still green fields. 朝阳宁静地照耀着已经发黄的树丛和还是一片绿色的田地。
• The trees grew more and more in groves and dotted with old yews. 那里的树木越来越多地长成了一簇簇的小丛林，还点缀着几棵老紫杉树。

6 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

7 shrines   

圣地，圣坛，神圣场所( shrine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• All three structures dated to the third century and were tentatively identified as shrines. 这3座建筑都建于3 世纪，并且初步鉴定为神庙。
• Their palaces and their shrines are tombs. 它们的宫殿和神殿成了墓穴。

8 sanctuary   

n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区

参考例句：

• There was a sanctuary of political refugees behind the hospital.医院后面有一个政治难民的避难所。
• Most countries refuse to give sanctuary to people who hijack aeroplanes.大多数国家拒绝对劫机者提供庇护。

9 Buddhist   

adj./n.佛教的，佛教徒

参考例句：

• The old lady fell down in adoration before Buddhist images.那老太太在佛像面前顶礼膜拜。
• In the eye of the Buddhist,every worldly affair is vain.在佛教徒的眼里，人世上一切事情都是空的。