历年考研英语阅读理解mp3(07-2)

[00:00:05]2007年黑暗版历年阅读真题解析第二篇
[00:00:25]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)

[00:01.03]For the past several years,
[00:02.64]the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.”
[00:08.18]People are invited to query¹ Marilyn vos Savant,
[00:12.32]who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old;
[00:17.90]that gave her an IQ of 228 — the highest score ever recorded.
[00:23.65]IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies,
[00:28.32]to envision paper after it has been folded and cut,
[00:31.80]and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks.
[00:36.14]So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries
[00:40.68]from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as.
[00:45.25]What’s the difference between love and fondness?
[00:46.33]Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?
[00:49.35]It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize² objects
[00:53.36]and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions
[00:56.81]that have eluded³ some of the best poets and philosophers.
[01:02.15]Clearly, intelligence encompasses⁴ more than a score on a test.
[01:07.26]Just what does it mean to be smart?
[01:09.87]How much of intelligence can be specified,
[01:12.78]and how much can we learn about it from neurology,
[01:16.04]genetics, computer science and other fields?
[01:19.51]The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score,
[01:25.39]even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.
[01:29.69]The test comes primarily in two forms:
[01:32.99]the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales
[01:37.86](both come in adult and children’s version).
[01:41.10]Generally costing several hundred dollars,
[01:44.10]they are usually given only by psychologists,
[01:47.18]although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.
[01:52.80]Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible,
[01:56.70]because scoring is now based on a statistical⁵ population distribution among age peers,
[02:03.50]rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological⁶ age and multiplying by 100.
[02:10.62]Other standardized⁷ tests,
[02:12.48]such as the Scholastic⁸ Assessment⁹ Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE),
[02:18.88]capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
[02:22.46]Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed
[02:29.11]in school and in life,
[02:30.89]argues Robert J. Sternberg.
[02:33.24]In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”,
[02:37.80]Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical¹⁰ and verbal skills but fail
[02:43.90]to measure creativity and practical knowledge,
[02:48.13]components also critical to problem solving and life success.
[02:53.15]Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations
[02:59.25]or situations change.
[03:01.36]Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests
[03:06.87]were given under low-stress conditions,
[03:09.60]but under high-stress conditions,
[03:12.40]IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is,
[03:15.90]it predicted the opposite.
[03:18.36]Anyone who has toiled¹¹ through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,
[03:24.96]whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.

1 query   

n.疑问，问号，质问；vt.询问，表示怀疑

参考例句：

• I query very much whether it is wise to act so hastily.我真怀疑如此操之过急地行动是否明智。
• They raised a query on his sincerity.他们对他是否真诚提出质疑。

2 visualize   

vt.使看得见，使具体化，想象，设想

参考例句：

• I remember meeting the man before but I can't visualize him.我记得以前见过那个人，但他的样子我想不起来了。
• She couldn't visualize flying through space.她无法想像在太空中飞行的景象。

3 eluded   

v.（尤指机敏地）避开( elude的过去式和过去分词 )；逃避；躲避；使达不到

参考例句：

• The sly fox nimbly eluded the dogs. 那只狡猾的狐狸灵活地躲避开那群狗。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The criminal eluded the police. 那个罪犯甩掉了警察的追捕。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

4 encompasses   

v.围绕( encompass的第三人称单数 )；包围；包含；包括

参考例句：

• The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities. 这项工作涉及的职责范围很广。
• Its conservation law encompasses both its magnitude and its direction. 它的守恒定律包括大小和方向两方面。 来自辞典例句

5 statistical   

adj.统计的，统计学的

参考例句：

• He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
• They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。

6 chronological   

adj.按年月顺序排列的，年代学的

参考例句：

• The paintings are exhibited in chronological sequence.这些画是按创作的时间顺序展出的。
• Give me the dates in chronological order.把日期按年月顺序给我。

7 standardized   

adj.标准化的

参考例句：

• We use standardized tests to measure scholastic achievement. 我们用标准化考试来衡量学生的学业成绩。
• The parts of an automobile are standardized. 汽车零件是标准化了的。

8 scholastic   

adj.学校的，学院的，学术上的

参考例句：

• There was a careful avoidance of the sensitive topic in the scholastic circles.学术界小心地避开那个敏感的话题。
• This would do harm to students' scholastic performance in the long run.这将对学生未来的学习成绩有害。

9 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

10 analytical   

adj.分析的；用分析法的

参考例句：

• I have an analytical approach to every survey.对每项调查我都采用分析方法。
• As a result,analytical data obtained by analysts were often in disagreement.结果各个分析家所得的分析数据常常不一致。

11 toiled   

长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的过去式和过去分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉

参考例句：

• They toiled up the hill in the blazing sun. 他们冒着炎炎烈日艰难地一步一步爬上山冈。
• He toiled all day long but earned very little. 他整天劳碌但挣得很少。