美国文化脱口秀 第407期:一个英语名 很多很多面!

 　　永恒经典的英语名主题，今天再说一下。不过，今天的新角度，可能是你不知道的；比如Bill, Billy这些名字，其实都是William的小名。而Jack¹则来自John;Elizabeth这个女王名，更是可以变出10多个相关的名字！想了解自己英语名背后的故事吗？觉得自己英语名太大众化？想多点新意和创意？

　　关键词：

　　Pet name/nick name: 小名、昵称

　　Pet name doesn't mean the name of your pet: pet name不是宠物的名字，是小名

　　I didn't know name was such a popular topic: 我以前没想到名字是那么受欢迎的话题

　　Well, everyone needs a name: 大家都要起名字嘛

　　Adam

　　Adam doesn't have any pet names: Adam这个名字没有小名

　　Biblical name: 本身是个来自圣经的名字

　　It's already a very short name, you don't really need a pet name: Adam本身已经很短了，不需要小名

　　Edward > Ed, Eddie, Ned

　　Ned is a popular British name: 英国人特别喜欢Ned这个名字

　　I've met a few Brits namd Ned: 我认识好几个叫Ned的英国人

　　Charles > Chuck, Charlie

　　Charles sounds very regal: Charles这个名字听起来非常高贵、有王室风范

　　Americans like to shorten³ it to Chuck: 美国人很喜欢把Charles变成Chuck这个小名

　　But Chuck sounds like the name of a lumberjack: Chuck这个小名听起来很像伐木工

　　It sounds really down-to-earth: 听起来特别实在、靠谱

　　Chuck also has the meaning of "throwing something away": chuck还有一个意思，就是扔掉、丢掉

　　大名、小名怎么分？

　　Charles on birth certificate: 也许出生证上的名字是Charles

　　But they go by Chuck or Charlie: 但日常生活中，别人都叫他Chuck或者Charlie

　　Alice > Ally², Alicia, Alison...

　　If you think Alice is too common or mature, you can choose the above pet names:

　　Names like Ally sound really cute and sweet: Ally这个名字听起来特别可爱、甜美

　　Many young girls go by Ally: 很多女生小时候都被叫Ally

　　Amanda > Mandy, Amy

　　Andrew > Andy (for boys), Andie ( for girls)

　　女生也可以叫Andie, 不过通常是ie结尾

　　Anthony > Tony ( boys) , Toni (girls)

　　I have a joke about this name: 我有个关于这个名字的笑话

　　"Tony, have you seen Anthony? Yeah, he's in Italy with Tony"

　　The joke fell flat: 这个笑话好冷

　　Toni can be used as a girl's name: Toni可以被用为女孩儿名

　　There's a famous Australian actress named Toni Collette: 有个澳洲女演员，就叫Toni Collette

　　Benjamin, Benedict > Ben, Benny

　　Benjamin or Benedict sounds very formal: Benjamin, Benedict听起来特别正式

　　They are often shortened⁴ to Ben or Benny: 日常经常被简称为Ben或者Benny

　　Elizabeth > So many!!!

　　If you take the first part: 取前段，有这些名字：

　　Eliza, Elisa

　　If you take the middle part: 取中间，有这些：

　　Liz, Lizzie, Lizzy, Lisa, Liza

　　If you take the end: 取最后，有这些名字：

　　Beth, Betty, Becky

　　＊如果你喜欢Elizabeth这个名字，但又想多点创意，可以参考以上这些变化哦＊

　　Bradley > Brad

　　Bradley as in Bradley Cooper, the famous American actor: 就和美国演员Bradley Cooper一样的名字

　　Brad is a popular boy's name in America: Brad是个在美国很受欢迎的男生名字

　　If a child makes their parents angry, their parents will call them by their full name: 如果孩子淘气，惹父母生气了，爸爸妈妈就会叫他们全名

　　Brad becomes Bradley: 比如平时叫Brad, 这时候就变成Bradley

　　Christopher > Chris/Kris, Topher:

　　Some guys named Christopher will go by Topher: 有些大名叫Christopher的男生平时会叫Topher

　　Topher Grace from "That 70's Show": 美剧“That 70's Show"里的男主角扮演者就叫Topher Grace.

　　My middle name is Christopher: 我中间的名字就是Christopher

　　一个英语名 很多很多面!

　　外国人的middle name有什么含义？

　　Does everyone have a middle name? 外国，每个人都会有中间名字吗？

　　Middle name: 姓名中间的名字，通常以祖父母的名字作为middle name

　　It's different for everyone: 因人而异

　　Some people don't have any middle names; some have one, some two, some even three: 有人没有middle name, 有人有一个、两个、甚至三个

　　In my family, everyone's middle name is my grandfather's name: 我家的孩子，每个人的middle name都是我爷爷的名字

　　Family tradition: 是个家庭传统

　　＊但是通常middle name平时不会用，只是出现在出生证、护照这些证件上＊

　　Daniel > Dan, Danny

　　David > Dave, Davy

　　Jennifer > Jen, Jenny

　　Spencer sometimes call me "Jen": Spencer有时候会叫我Jen

　　I don't really like it: 我其实不是特别喜欢

　　Should you call someone by their pet name?

　　能擅自简化别人的名字吗？

　　If someone's name is Robert, that will usually appear on their ID cards or business cards: 比方说，一个叫Robert的人，他的身份证件或者名片上基本会写Robert

　　But they will tell their friends to call them by their preferred pet name: 但是日常，他会告诉朋友叫他小名就可以

　　If they didn't tell you what their pet name is, it's safer to use their proper name: 但如果他没说，那最好还是用正规的名字

　　Francis > Frank

　　Does Francis sound feminine⁵? Francis听起来会不会有点儿女性化？

　　No, Francine or Francesca are girls' names: 不会。Francine、 Francesca才是女性的名字

　　John > Jack

　　Jack is the pet name of John: Jack是John的小名

　　JFK (John F. Kennedy) ：肯尼迪总统

　　His full name was John F. Kennedy: 他正规的名字是John F. Kennedy

　　But people often called him Jack: 但是大家都叫他Jack

　　His younger brother, Ted⁶ Kennedy's full name was Edward Kennedy: 他还有个弟弟，叫Ted, 但全名叫Edward Kennedy

　　Jonathan > Jon, Nathan, Nate:

　　希望别人这样叫你？ 学这句：

　　“I go by ...”

　　Q: What's your name? 你叫什么名字？

　　A: I'm Jonathan, but I go by Nathan: 我叫Jonathan, 但你叫我Nathan就可以了

　　It means what you prefer to be called: 意思就是你更希望大家如何称呼你

　　It's a polite way to let people know what you prefer to be called: 是一个很礼貌的方式

　　Richard

　　Richard可以变成 Rich, Richie, Ricky

　　Dick

　　Dick Cheney: 小布什时期的副总统迪克.切尼

　　My parents' generation was probably the last to use the name Dick: 我父母那一代大概是最后用Dick这个名字的

　　People named Richard today will go by Rich or Richie, not Dick: 现在叫Richard的人不会用这个名字了

　　Victoria > Vicky, Tory...

　　Vicky/Vic

　　Tory

　　Tory Burch: 美国时尚品牌Tory Burch

　　Kings' and queens' names usually have a lot of variations: 国王、皇后的名字，通常都有很多变化

　　Katherine/Catherine > So many!!

　　Catherine/Katherine:

　　Kate/Cate

　　Katie/Catie

　　Kathy/Cathy

　　Catherine with a C or a K? 是C还是K开头的Catherine?

1 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

2 ally   

n.同盟者，同盟国；vt.使结盟，与...有关联

参考例句：

• In that war England was not an ally,she was neutral.在那场战争中，英国不同任何一国结盟，保持中立。
• She felt she needed an ally so badly.她感到她极需一个支持者。

3 shorten   

vt.弄短，缩小，减少

参考例句：

• Minor accidents can shorten the life of a car.小事故会缩短汽车寿命。
• My dress is too long I must shorten it.我的连衣裙太长了，我得把它截短些。

4 shortened   

v.弄短，缩短( shorten的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She shortened the skirt by an inch. 她把裙子缩短了一英寸。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Vacations have lengthened and the work week has shortened. 假期延长，工作周就缩短了。 来自辞典例句

5 feminine   

adj.女性的，女子气的

参考例句：

• He has a very feminine voice.他的声音非常像女人。
• She was a very feminine person.她是个很有女性气质的人。

6 ted   

vt.翻晒，撒，撒开

参考例句：

• The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。
• She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。