美国学生人类历史第60期:古希腊的戏剧(4)

 　　This new form of dramatic entertainment demanded a proper setting, and soon every Greek city owned a theatre, cut out of the rock of a nearby hill. The spectators sat upon wooden benches and faced a wide circle (our present orchestra where you pay three dollars and thirty cents for a seat). Upon this half-circle, which was the stage, the actors and the chorus took their stand. Behind them there was a tent where they made up with large clay masks which hid their faces and which showed the spectators whether the actors were supposed to be happy and smiling or unhappy and weeping. The Greek word for tent is "skene" and that is the reason why we talk of the "scenery" of the stage.

　　这种新颖的戏剧娱乐形式当然需要合适的场所。很快，每个希腊城市都拥有了一座剧院。它开凿在附近小山的岩壁旁，观众们坐在木制的长凳上，面向一个宽阔的圆形场地。这个半圆形场地上，就是舞台，演员和合唱队在此表演。他们身后有一座帐篷，供演员们化装之用。他们在此戴上粘土制的大面具，分别代表幸福、欢笑、悲哀、哭泣等等表情。希腊文称帐篷为"skene"，这就是"布景"（scenery）一词的由来。

　　When once the tragedy had become part of Greek life, the people took it very seriously and never went to the theatre to give their minds a vacation. A new play became as important an event as an election and a successful playwright¹ was received with greater honors than those bestowed² upon a general who had just returned from a famous victory.

　　一旦观赏悲剧成为古希腊人生活的一部分，人们便非常认真地对待它，绝不仅仅为放松心灵而去剧院。一出新戏的上演与一次选举同等重要。一个成功的剧作家获得的荣耀甚至超过一名刚刚凯旋而归的将军。

1 playwright   

n.剧作家，编写剧本的人

参考例句：

• Gwyn Thomas was a famous playwright.格温·托马斯是著名的剧作家。
• The playwright was slaughtered by the press.这位剧作家受到新闻界的无情批判。

2 bestowed   

赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• It was a title bestowed upon him by the king. 那是国王赐给他的头衔。
• He considered himself unworthy of the honour they had bestowed on him. 他认为自己不配得到大家赋予他的荣誉。