美国学生人类历史第65期:抗击波斯人侵的战争(5)

 　　But the pass had been lost and the greater part of Greece fell into the hands of the Persians. They marched upon Athens, threw the garrison¹ from the rocks of the Acropolis and burned the city. The people fled to the Island of Salamis. All seemed lost. But on the 20th of September of the year 480 Themistocles forced the Persian fleet to give battle within the narrow straits which separated the Island of Salamis from the mainland and within a few hours he destroyed three quarters of the Persian ships.

　　温泉关的失守使波斯大军得以长驱直入，希腊的大部分地区相继陷落。波斯人气势汹汹朝雅典挺进，要报8年前的一箭之仇。他们攻占了雅典卫城，将其夷为平地。雅典人扶老携幼逃往萨拉米岛。这场战争看起来似乎是没有希望了。公元前480年9月20日，泰米斯托克利率领雅典海军，将波斯舰队骗入希腊大陆 与萨拉米岛之间的狭窄海面。波斯舰队被迫与雅典海军决战。几个小时后，雅典人摧毁了3／4的波斯舰船，取得决定性胜利。这样一来，波斯人在德摩比勒地区的大捷就变得毫无意义。失去了海上支援，波斯国王泽克西斯被迫撤退。

　　In this way the victory of Thermopylae came to naught².

　　他打算来年再与希腊人进行最后决战，一举歼灭他们。

　　Xerxes was forced to retire. The next year, so he decreed, would bring a final decision. He took his troops to Thessaly and there he waited for spring.

　　波斯军队撤至北部的色萨利地区休整，等待第二年春天的来临。

　　But this time the Spartans³ understood the seriousness of the hour. They left the safe shelter of the wall which they had built across the isthmus⁴ of Corinth and under the leadership of Pausanias they marched against Mardonius the Persian general. The united Greeks(some one hundred thousand men from a dozen different cities) attacked the three hundred thousand men of the enemy near Plataea. Once more the heavy Greek infantry⁵ broke through the Persian barrage⁶ of arrows. The Persians were defeated, as they had been at Marathon, and this time they left for good. By a strange coincidence, the same day that the Greek armies won their victory near Plataea, the Athenian ships destroyed the enemy's fleet near Cape⁷ Mycale in Asia Minor⁸.

　　不过这一回，斯巴达人终于意识到事关全体希腊半岛的存亡，必须倾尽全力一搏。为保护城邦的安全，斯巴达人本已修建了一条横跨柯林斯地峡的城墙，在波仙尼亚斯的率领下，他们离开了城墙安全庇护，主动迎战玛尔多纽斯指挥的波斯军队。大战在普拉提亚附近展开，来自12个城邦的约10万希腊军队，向30万波斯军队发起了总攻击。跟马拉松平原发生的战斗一样，希腊重装步兵再度突破了波斯军队的箭阵，彻底击溃了波斯人。巧合的是，在希腊步兵赢得普拉提亚战役的同一天，雅典海军在小亚细亚附近的米卡尔角也摧毁了敌人的舰队。

　　Thus did the first encounter between Asia and Europe end. Athens had covered herself with glory and Sparta had fought bravely and well. If these two cities had been able to come to an agreement, if they had been willing to forget their little jealousies⁹, they might have become the leaders of a strong and united Hellas.

　　欧洲与亚洲的第一次较量就这样落下了帷幕。雅典赢得了莫大荣誉，斯巴达也因英勇而驰名。如果这两个城市能够冰释前嫌、携手合作，如果他们愿意忘掉彼此之间的小小嫉妒，他们是能够组成一个强大而统一的希腊的领袖。

　　But alas¹⁰, they allowed the hour of victory and enthusiasm to slip by, and the same opportunity never returned.

　　事情的发展往往不如人愿；随着胜利的狂欢和携手的热情悄悄流逝，这样的机会也就一去不返了。

1 garrison   

n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防

参考例句：

• The troops came to the relief of the besieged garrison.军队来援救被围的守备军。
• The German was moving to stiffen up the garrison in Sicily.德军正在加强西西里守军之力量。

2 naught   

n.无，零 [=nought]

参考例句：

• He sets at naught every convention of society.他轻视所有的社会习俗。
• I hope that all your efforts won't go for naught.我希望你的努力不会毫无结果。

3 spartans   

n.斯巴达（spartan的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The ancient Spartans used to expose babies that they did not want. 古斯巴达人常遗弃他们不要的婴儿。
• But one by one the Spartans fell. 可是斯巴达人一个一个地倒下了。

4 isthmus   

n.地峡

参考例句：

• North America is connected with South America by the Isthmus of Panama.巴拿马海峡把北美同南美连接起来。
• The north and south of the island are linked by a narrow isthmus.岛的北部和南部由一条狭窄的地峡相连。

5 infantry   

n.[总称]步兵(部队)

参考例句：

• The infantry were equipped with flame throwers.步兵都装备有喷火器。
• We have less infantry than the enemy.我们的步兵比敌人少。

6 barrage   

n.火力网，弹幕

参考例句：

• The attack jumped off under cover of a barrage.进攻在炮火的掩护下开始了。
• The fierce artillery barrage destroyed the most part of the city in a few minutes.猛烈的炮火几分钟内便毁灭了这座城市的大部分地区。

7 cape   

n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风

参考例句：

• I long for a trip to the Cape of Good Hope.我渴望到好望角去旅行。
• She was wearing a cape over her dress.她在外套上披着一件披肩。

8 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

9 jealousies   

n.妒忌( jealousy的名词复数 )；妒羡

参考例句：

• They were divided by mutual suspicion and jealousies. 他们因为相互猜疑嫉妒而不和。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• I am tired of all these jealousies and quarrels. 我厌恶这些妒忌和吵架的语言。 来自辞典例句

10 alas   

int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等)

参考例句：

• Alas!The window is broken!哎呀！窗子破了！
• Alas,the truth is less romantic.然而，真理很少带有浪漫色彩。