美国学生人类历史 第74期:罗马和迦太基(2)

 　　As the years went by the influence of Carthage upon her neighbours increased until the greater part of the African coast, Spain and certain regions of France were Carthaginian possessions, and paid tribute, taxes and dividends¹ to the mighty² city on the African Sea.

　　随着岁月不断流逝，迦太基对临近地区的影响力也日渐增强，直到北非的大部分海岸地区。西班牙以及法国的部分地区都成为了它的属地，定期向这个阿非利加海滨的强大城市进贡、缴税、上缴红利。迦太基也因此富甲一方。

　　Of course, such a "plutocracy³"was forever at the mercy of the crowd. As long as there was plenty of work and wages were high, the majority of the citizens were quite contented⁴, allowed their"betters" to rule them and asked no embarrassing questions. But when no ships left the harbor, when no ore was brought to the smelting-ovens, when dockworkers and stevedores⁵ were thrown out of employment, then there were grumblings and there was a demand that the popular assembly be called together as in the olden days when Carthage had been a self-governing republic.

　　当然，这样一个富人政权的存在，总是要经过民众们的同意或默许的。只要它能够保证较多的工作机会及充足的薪水，大多数的市民就感到心满意足，任由那些个"能人"和"精英"们来发号施令，也不会问些令人尴尬的问题来为难政府。可是一旦船只不能出海，也不再有矿石运进港口来供熔炉冶炼，当码头工人和装卸工人无事可做，尽日面对饥肠辘辘的家人，大众中就会怨声四起，就会出现要求召开平民会议的呼声。当迦太基还是一个古代的自治共和国时，这是一个惯例。

　　To prevent such an occurrence the plutocracy was obliged to keep the business of the town going at full speed. They had managed to do this very successfully for almost five hundred years when they were greatly disturbed by certain rumors⁶ which reached them from the western coast of Italy. It was said that a little village on the banks of the Tiber had suddenly risen to great power and was making itself the acknowledged leader of all the Latin tribes who inhabited central Italy. It was also said that this village, which by the way was called Rome, intended to build ships and go after the commerce of Sicily and the southern coast of France.

　　为防止平民骚动的发生，富人政府不得不尽力维持整个城市的商业全速运转，不能有丝毫的懈怠。在500年的时间里，他们兢兢业业地推 进城市的商业扩张，非常成功地做到了这一点。可到了某一天，从意大利西海岸传来了一些谣言，顿时让这些统治迦太基的富人寝食难安。据说，台伯河边的一个毫不起眼的小村子突然崛起，成为意大利中部所有拉丁部落公认的领袖。传言还说，这个村庄名叫罗马，它正打算大建船只，积极谋求与西西里及法国南部地区通商。

1 dividends   

红利( dividend的名词复数 )； 股息； 被除数； （足球彩票的）彩金

参考例句：

• Nothing pays richer dividends than magnanimity. 没有什么比宽宏大量更能得到厚报。
• Their decision five years ago to computerise the company is now paying dividends. 五年前他们作出的使公司电脑化的决定现在正产生出效益。

2 mighty   

adj.强有力的；巨大的

参考例句：

• A mighty force was about to break loose.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。
• The mighty iceberg came into view.巨大的冰山出现在眼前。

3 plutocracy   

n.富豪统治

参考例句：

• Financial,not moral,considerations will prevail in a plutocracy.在富豪当政的国家里，人们见利忘义。
• The most prolific of the debunkers of the plutocracy was Gustavus Myers.揭发富豪统治集团的作家中，最多产的是古斯塔夫斯·迈尔斯。

4 contented   

adj.满意的，安心的，知足的

参考例句：

• He won't be contented until he's upset everyone in the office.不把办公室里的每个人弄得心烦意乱他就不会满足。
• The people are making a good living and are contented,each in his station.人民安居乐业。

5 stevedores   

n.码头装卸工人，搬运工( stevedore的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The stevedores' work is to load and unload ships. 装卸工人的工作是装卸船只。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The stevedores will see to that. 搬运工会格外注意。 来自商贸英语会话

6 rumors   

n.传闻( rumor的名词复数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷v.传闻( rumor的第三人称单数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷

参考例句：

• Rumors have it that the school was burned down. 有谣言说学校给烧掉了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Rumors of a revolt were afloat. 叛变的谣言四起。 来自《简明英汉词典》