美国学生人类历史 第152期:十字军东征(1)

 Chapter 34 The crusades 第三十四章 十宇军东征

But all these different quarrels were forgotten when the Turks took the holy land, desecrated¹ the holy places and interfered³ seriously with the trade from east to west. 当土耳其人夺取圣地，亵读圣灵，并严重阻断了东西方的贸易时，所有内部的争吵便统统被忘记。

Europe went crusading 欧洲人开始了十字军东征。

During three centuries there had been peace between Christians⁵ and Moslems except in Spain and in the eastern Roman Empire, the two states defending the gateways⁶ of Europe. 三个世纪以来，除了守卫欧洲门户的两个国家--西班牙和东罗马帝国，基督徒和穆斯林之间一直保持着基本的和平。

The Mohammedans having conquered Syria in the seventh century were in possession of the Holy Land. 在公元7世纪，穆罕默德的信徒征服了叙利亚，控制了基督教的圣地。

But they regarded Jesus as a great prophet (though not quite as great as Mohammed), 但他们同样把耶稣视为一位伟大的先知（虽然不如穆罕默德伟大），

and they did not interfere² with the pilgrims who wished to pray in the church which Saint Helena, 并不阻止前来朝圣的基督徒。

the mother of the Emperor Constantine, had built on the spot of the Holy Grave. 在康士坦丁大帝的母亲圣海伦娜于圣基的原址上修建的大教堂里，基督朝圣者被允许自由 祈祷。

But early in the eleventh century, a Tartar tribe from the wilds of Asia, 可到了11世纪，来自亚洲荒原的一支鞑靼部落，

called the Seljuks or Turks, became masters of the Mohammedan state in western Asia and then the period of tolerance⁷ came to an end. 人称塞尔柱人或土耳其人，他们征服了西亚的穆斯林国家，成为基督教圣地的新主人。于是，基督教和伊斯兰教相互妥协的时期就此结束。

The Turks took all of Asia Minor⁸ away from the eastern Roman Emperors and they made an end to the trade between east and west. 土耳其人从东罗马帝国手里夺取了小亚细亚的全部地区，使东西方之间的贸易陷人完全的停滞。

Alexis, the Emperor, who rarely saw anything of his Christian⁴ neighbours of the west, appealed for help and pointed⁹ to the danger which threatened Europe should the Turks take Constantinople. 东罗马皇帝阿历克西斯平常心思全部放在东方，对西方的基督教邻居少有理会，此时却向欧洲的兄弟们求援。他指出，一旦土耳其人夺取君士坦丁堡，使通向欧洲的大门打开，他们一样将陷入土耳其骑兵的直接威胁之下。

The Italian cities which had established colonies along the coast of Asia Minor and Palestine, 一些意大利城市在小亚细亚和巴勒斯坦沿岸拥有小块的贸易殖民地。

in fear for their possessions, reported terrible stories of Turkish atrocities¹⁰ and Christian suffering. All Europe got excited. 由于担心失去自己的财产，便散布一些可怕的故事，绘声绘色地描述土耳其人是何等残暴且如何迫害、屠杀 当地基督徒的。听到这些故事，整个欧洲沸腾了起来。

1 desecrated   

毁坏或亵渎( desecrate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The invading army desecrated this holy place when they camped here. 侵略军在这块圣地上扎营就是对这块圣地的亵渎。
• She shouldn't have desecrated the picture of a religious leader. 她不该亵渎宗教领袖的画像。

2 interfere   

v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰

参考例句：

• If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。
• When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

3 interfered   

v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 )；调停；妨碍；干涉

参考例句：

• Complete absorption in sports interfered with his studies. 专注于运动妨碍了他的学业。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I am not going to be interfered with. 我不想别人干扰我的事情。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

5 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

6 gateways   

n.网关( gateway的名词复数 )；门径；方法；大门口

参考例句：

• Police bullets raked the gateways car. 警察的子弹对着门口的汽车扫射。 来自辞典例句
• No Internet gateways are needed for the programs operation. 该软件的操作不需要互联网网关的支持。 来自互联网

7 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

8 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

9 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

10 atrocities   

n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪

参考例句：

• They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities. 他们犯有最野蛮、最灭绝人性的残暴罪行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The enemy's atrocities made one boil with anger. 敌人的暴行令人发指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》