NPR边听边练69:食品与血糖

 　　以下段落是摘自新闻里的一些重要信息,并不是一个段落的听写。空内信息可在本新闻中全部找到,大家可以根据这些信息复述新闻。

　　一、泛听建议：

　　1、完整听一遍，掌握大意。

　　2、继续听，特别注意关键信息。遇到相似的词，写下来。

　　3、复述新闻。

　　It's MORNING EDITION from NPR News. I'm Steve Inskeep.And I'm Renee Montagne.Today in Your Health, an American epidemic¹ ofkidney stones.Doctors see a _1_ between that problem and obesity². And we begin with ways to maintain a healthy weight. Some people count calories, carbs and fats. And some researchers think you _2_ the glycemic food index. If you're wondering what's that, listen to NPR's Patti Neighmond. Here's the premise³. Not all calories _3_ . Obesity specialist Dr. David Ludwig with Boston Children's Hospital.Simply focusing on the calorie content of food ignores a key notion, which is that foods affect blood sugar and hormones⁴ in dramatically different ways based on their composition.

　　这里是NPR新闻早间节目，我是主持人Steve Inskeep，我是Renee Montagne。今天在Your Health栏目中，我们来谈论肾结石，一种美国流行病。医生已经注意到肥胖和肾结石之间的联系，让我们从保持健康体重的方式开始讨论。有些人计算卡路里、碳水化合物和脂肪含量。而研究人员认为，你应该关注食物对血糖指标的影响。如果你想了解更多，NPR记者Patti Neighmond为您报道。

　　来自波士顿儿童医院的肥胖专科医生David Ludwig博士：如果仅仅强调食物的卡路里含量，会忽略了一个关键的概念，即由于食物成分不同，影响血糖指标与激素水平的方式也会有显著不同。

　　For example, some foods _4_ digest, like most fruits, nuts and vegetables. They take their time wending their way through the digestive system. And that means they _5_ energy and calories. Other foods zip through our system rapidly.White bread, white rice, potato products, prepared breakfast cereals are all _6_ sugar in a long chain. And the body can digest these foods into sugar in literally⁵ moments after eating.

　　例如，有些食品消化慢，如大多数水果、 坚果和蔬菜。消化它们所需的时间各不相同.这意味着它们会消耗更多的能量和热量。而其他食品快速被消化，如面包、米饭，土豆食品，精心准备的早餐谷类食物等都是由长链条糖组成，饭后身体可以精确地把食物转化成糖。

　　That quick digestion⁶ causes a surge of blood sugar and then a _7_. That makes us feel hungry pretty quickly after eating. But with slow foods we feel satisfied longer. Here's Mike Rogers, who took part in a study headed by Dr. Ludwig. Rogers was all excited when part of his diet plan one night included a big pile of mashed⁷ potatoes.

　　快速消化导致了血糖急速升高，然后骤降。这会使我们感到饿的如此之快。但消化慢食物会延长饱腹的感觉。Mike Rogers参加了由路德维格博士领导的一项研究。一天晚上，罗杰斯饮食计划的一部分是一大盘土豆泥，他非常兴奋。

　　Then I went and looked at the clock, because I was hungry again, figuring that it must be time for me to eat my snack. And I said, that can't be right. When did I - and I realized that it had been almost no time at all since I _8_ this enormous plate of mashed potatoes.The reason Rogers was hungry so quickly is because potatoes, like corn and a few other vegetables, have a high glycemic index. So do most refined and processed foods. They're digested quickly, causing that surge, then crash, of blood sugar. Not only that, Ludwig says, high glycemic foods slow down metabolism⁸.

　　我去看一下表，因为我又饿了，我觉得一定是到了吃零食的时间了。我说，这不太正确。是什么时候-当我意识到我才吃完一大盘子土豆泥没过多长时间后。我说，这不太对劲。。饿这么快的原因是因为土豆，如玉米和其他蔬菜，会引起血糖升高。精制加工的食品都是这个样子。他们消化快，导致血糖快速波动。不仅如此，Ludwig 博士称，高血糖指数食物也会减慢新陈代谢。

　　词汇解析：

　　1、epidemic adj. 流行的；传染性的n. 传染病；流行病；风尚等的流行

　　eg:A flu epidemic is sweeping⁹ through Moscow.

　　一场流感正席卷莫斯科。

　　2、kidney stones 肾结石（kidney stone的复数）

　　3、glycemic adj. 血糖的

　　eg:Refined Grains: "Refined" products have no fiber¹⁰ and have a high glycemic index.

　　4、literally. 照字面地；逐字地

　　eg:We've got to get the economy under control or it will literally eat us up.

　　我们必须控制住经济，否则它真地就会把我们困住。

　　5、metabolism. [生理] 新陈代谢

　　eg:If you skip breakfast, your metabolism slows down.

　　你如果不吃早饭，新陈代谢速度会减慢。

　　1、link 2、should look at 3、are alike 4、are slow to

　　5、use up more 6、made up of 7、crash 8、had finished

1 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

2 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

3 premise   

n.前提；v.提论，预述

参考例句：

• Let me premise my argument with a bit of history.让我引述一些史实作为我立论的前提。
• We can deduce a conclusion from the premise.我们可以从这个前提推出结论。

4 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

5 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

6 digestion   

n.消化，吸收

参考例句：

• This kind of tea acts as an aid to digestion.这种茶可助消化。
• This food is easy of digestion.这食物容易消化。

7 mashed   

a.捣烂的

参考例句：

• two scoops of mashed potato 两勺土豆泥
• Just one scoop of mashed potato for me, please. 请给我盛一勺土豆泥。

8 metabolism   

n.新陈代谢

参考例句：

• After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食，卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
• All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。

9 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

10 fiber   

n.纤维，纤维质

参考例句：

• The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
• The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。