纽约时报 大批青少年吸食电子烟 引美药管局高度重视(1)

F.D.A., Alarmed by Teenage Use, Targets Vaping,

大批青少年吸食电子烟问题引美药管局重视

By Sheila Kaplan and Jan Hoffman

文/希拉·卡普兰，简·霍夫曼

The Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday declared that teenage use of electronic cigarettes has reached “an epidemic¹ proportion,”

食品和药物管理局周三宣布，青少年使用电子烟已成“潮流”，

and it put makers² of the most popular devices on notice that they have just 60 days to prove that they can keep their devices away from minors³.

故他们已经将制造这一最受欢迎产品的制造商们纳入了警告名单，勒令他们60日内证明能够让自己的产品远离未成年人。

The order was part of a sweeping⁴ government action that targeted both makers and sellers of e-cigarettes.

政府已经针对电子烟制造商和销售商展开了大面积的清扫行动，周三的规定就是本次行动的一环。

If JUUL Labs and four other major manufacturers fail to halt sales to minors, the agency said,

药管局表示，如果届时JUUL和其他四家主要的电子烟制造商未能让自己在未成年人中间的销量刹住车，

it could remove their flavored products from the market.

药管局就可能将他们带香味的电子烟撤出市场。

It also raised the possibility of civil or criminal charges if companies are allowing bulk sales through their websites.

此外，药管局还指出，如果制造商通过网站进行批发销售，就可能收到民事或刑事指控。

The agency said it was sending warning letters to 1,100 retailers⁵ — including 7-Eleven stores, Walgreens, Circle K convenience shops and Shell gas stations —

药管局还表示，他们已经在给1100家零售店——包括7-11，沃尔格林，OK便利店等便利店和壳牌加油站——发警告函了，

and issued another 131 fines, ranging from $279 to $11,182, for selling e-cigarettes to minors.

并已开具131张与销售电子烟给未成年人相关的罚单，罚款金额从279美元到11182美元不等。

Federal law prohibits selling e-cigarettes to anyone under 18.

联邦法律明令禁止向18岁以下的任何人出售电子烟。

In a briefing with reporters, the F.D.A. commissioner⁶, Dr. Scott Gottlieb,

在一场新闻发布会上，药管局的专员斯科特·戈特利布博士说，

said that more than two million middle and high school students were regular users of e-cigarettes last year.

去年经常使用电子烟的中学生已经达到了200多万。

The government’s tactics underscore a dilemma⁷ in the public health community:

政府的出面凸显了公共卫生界一个两难的境地：

In addressing one public health problem — cigarette smoking, which kills 480,000 people in the United States each year —

电子烟解决了一个公共卫生问题，也就是每年致死人数多达48万人的吸烟问题，

e-cigarettes are creating another — hooking teenagers who have never smoked on nicotine⁸.

也引发了另一个问题，即让那些从未吸过烟的青少年深深地迷恋上了尼古丁。

E-cigarette users inhale⁹ far fewer toxic¹⁰ chemicals than do smokers¹¹ of traditional cigarettes.

与传统卷烟相比，使用电子烟吸入的有毒化学成分要少得多。

But they can take in higher levels of nicotine, which is addictive¹².

但吸入的尼古丁会更多，而尼古丁是会让人上瘾的。

“The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to addiction,” the F.D.A. said in its statement announcing the actions.

药管局在宣布行动的声明中指出，“青少年的大脑尚在发育，因而特别容易上瘾。”

In particular, the agency has been watching the wildly popular JUUL, which offers especially potent¹³ nicotine hits.

药管局已经将广受欢迎的JUUL严密监视起来，因为该品牌电子烟中的尼古丁成瘾性尤其大。

JUUL Labs launched the sleek¹⁴ device, which looks like a flash drive, in 2015.

2015年，JUUL推出了造型时尚，看起来就像优盘的电子烟。

It comes with “pods” in eight flavors, among them mango, menthol and creme.

该款电子烟有包括芒果味，薄荷味和奶油味在内的八种口味。

1 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

2 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 minors   

n.未成年人( minor的名词复数 )；副修科目；小公司；[逻辑学]小前提v.[主美国英语]副修，选修，兼修( minor的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors. 法律禁止商店向未成年者出售含酒精的饮料。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He had three minors this semester. 这学期他有三门副修科目。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

5 retailers   

零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• High street retailers reported a marked increase in sales before Christmas. 商业街的零售商报告说圣诞节前销售量显著提高。
• Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose. 零售商有为他们提供符合要求的货品的法定义务。

6 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

7 dilemma   

n.困境，进退两难的局面

参考例句：

• I am on the horns of a dilemma about the matter.这件事使我进退两难。
• He was thrown into a dilemma.他陷入困境。

8 nicotine   

n.(化)尼古丁，烟碱

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。

9 inhale   

v.吸入(气体等)，吸(烟)

参考例句：

• Don't inhale dust into your lung.别把灰尘吸进肺里。
• They are pleased to not inhale second hand smoke.他们很高兴他们再也不会吸到二手烟了。

10 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

11 smokers   

吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。

12 addictive   

adj.(吸毒等)使成瘾的，成为习惯的

参考例句：

• The problem with video game is that they're addictive.电子游戏机的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
• Cigarettes are highly addictive.香烟很容易使人上瘾。

13 potent   

adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的

参考例句：

• The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。
• We must account of his potent influence.我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。

14 sleek   

adj.光滑的，井然有序的；v.使光滑，梳拢

参考例句：

• Women preferred sleek,shiny hair with little decoration.女士们更喜欢略加修饰的光滑闪亮型秀发。
• The horse's coat was sleek and glossy.这匹马全身润泽有光。