纽约时报 美国的酗酒问题有多严重?(3)

 

 

    The most worrisome drinking behavior, as before the pandemic, appears to be among women,与疫情爆发前一样，最令人担忧的饮酒行为似乎出现在女性当中，who have also borne more of the child-care burden created by school closures.

    而学校停课引发的儿童保育负担也更多地由女性来承担。

    A study published in October in The Journal of Addiction¹ Medicine found that between February and April 2020,10月份发表在《成瘾药物杂志》上的一项研究发现， 2020年2月至4月期间，women had a greater increase in excessive drinking than men did.

    女性酗酒的人数比男性要多。

    Respondents who are Black reported greater increases, too.

    黑人受访者也报告了更大幅度的增长。

    A November study in the journal Addictive² Behaviors, based on an April survey that asked about people's drinking during the previous month,《成瘾行为》期刊11月公布的研究结果基于4月份的一项调查，该调查询问了人们上个月的饮酒情况，found that women drank more than men in response to pandemic stress, to the point that their intake³ levels were roughly equal.

    结果发现，女性在应对疫情压力时的饮酒量比男性要多，这使他们的摄入水平大致相当。

    "I left that study with more questions than answers," says Lindsey Rodriguez, the paper's lead author and a psychologist at the University of South Florida.

    该论文的主要作者、南佛罗里达大学的心理学家林赛·罗德里格斯表示，“我离开这项研究时，问题多于答案。

    "Is it because of home-schooling? Uncertainty⁴ about the future? High pressure in more domains⁵ of life?

    是因为家庭教育吗？还是未来的不确定性？亦或是生活的其他方面受到了重压？

    Women were disproportionately affected⁶ by all things Covid-19. This is another way of showing the effects of that."女性受到新冠肺炎不成比例的影响。这是另一种显示影响的方式。”

    Previous disasters, including the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the 2003 SARS outbreak and Hurricane Katrina,9·11恐怖袭击、2003年非典爆发和卡特里娜飓风等灾难发生后，have been followed by increases in alcohol abuse among those who experienced them and their aftermath.

    经历过这些灾难及其后果者的酒精滥用现象都会加剧。

    But researchers have never studied the impact on drinking behavior of a catastrophe⁷ that lasted as long and was as pervasive⁸ as the current pandemic.

    但研究人员从未研究过持续时间和波及范围堪比当前疫情的灾难对饮酒行为的影响。

    Nor did those earlier events increase social isolation⁹ while also initiating¹⁰ widespread changes in the availability of alcohol through takeout and delivery, as Covid-19 has.

    这些早期事件也没有像新冠肺炎那样增加社会隔离，同时还引发了通过外卖和送货来获取酒精的广泛变化。

    There has been more drinking at home, which is associated with domestic violence and child neglect, Carolina Barbosa, a behavioral health scientist at RTI International, a nonprofit research organization, points out.

    非盈利研究机构RTI国际的行为健康科学家卡罗莱纳·巴博萨指出，“在家饮酒的人越来越多，这会引发家庭暴力和儿童忽视。”

    "So it's not just the health of the person who is drinking that we are concerned with," says Barbosa, the lead author of the Addiction Medicine study,《成瘾药物杂志》相关研究的主要作者巴博萨表示，“因此，我们关心的不仅仅是饮酒者的健康状况，"but it's also the social impact on the family and society in general."还有饮酒对家庭和社会整体的社会影响。”

 

1 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

2 addictive   

adj.(吸毒等)使成瘾的，成为习惯的

参考例句：

• The problem with video game is that they're addictive.电子游戏机的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
• Cigarettes are highly addictive.香烟很容易使人上瘾。

3 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

4 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

5 domains   

n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产

参考例句：

• The theory of thermodynamics links the macroscopic and submicroscopic domains. 热力学把宏观世界同亚微观世界联系起来。 来自辞典例句
• All three flow domains are indicated by shading. 所有三个流动区域都是用阴影部分表示的。 来自辞典例句

6 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

7 catastrophe   

n.大灾难，大祸

参考例句：

• I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe.亏得你我才大难不死。
• This is a catastrophe beyond human control.这是一场人类无法控制的灾难。

8 pervasive   

adj.普遍的；遍布的，(到处)弥漫的；渗透性的

参考例句：

• It is the most pervasive compound on earth.它是地球上最普遍的化合物。
• The adverse health effects of car exhaust are pervasive and difficult to measure.汽车尾气对人类健康所构成的有害影响是普遍的，并且难以估算。

9 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

10 initiating   

v.开始( initiate的现在分词 )；传授；发起；接纳新成员

参考例句：

• He is good at initiating projects but rarely follows through with anything. 他善于创建项目，但难得坚持完成。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Only the perchlorate shows marked sensitiveness and possibly initiating properties. 只有高氯酸盐表现有显著的感度和可能具有起爆性能。 来自辞典例句