纽约时报 南极地区发出气候警告

 

 

    The immense and forbidding Southern Ocean is famous for howling gales¹ and devilish swells² that have tested mariners³ for centuries.

    辽阔而令人生畏的南大洋以咆哮的狂风和恶魔般的巨浪而闻名，几个世纪以来，这些都考验着水手们。

    But its true strength lies beneath the waves.

    但它真正的力量在于海浪之下。

    The ocean’s dominant⁴ feature, extending up to two miles deep and as much as 1,200 miles wide, is the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, by far the largest current in the world.

    这片海洋的主要特征是南极绕极洋流，它深达2英里，宽达1200英里，是目前世界上最大的洋流。

    It is the world’s climate engine, and it has kept the world from warming even more by drawing deep water from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, much of which has been submerged for hundreds of years, and pulling it to the surface.

    这片海洋是世界的气候引擎，它通过从大西洋、太平洋和印度洋(其中大部分已被淹没了数百年)汲取深水，并将其拉到海面，从而阻止了世界进一步变暖。

    There, it exchanges heat and carbon dioxide with the atmosphere before being dispatched again on its eternal round trip.

    在那里，它与大气交换热量和二氧化碳，然后再次被派遣到它永恒的往返之旅。

    Without this action, which scientists call upwelling, the world would be even hotter than it has become as a result of human-caused emissions⁵ of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases.

    如果没有这一被科学家称为上升流的运动，由于人类排放二氧化碳和其他吸热气体，世界将比现在更热。

    “From no perspective is there any place more important than the Southern Ocean,” said Joellen L. Russell, an oceanographer at the University of Arizona. “There’s nothing like it on Planet Earth.”

    “从这个角度来看，没有什么地方比南大洋更重要了，”亚利桑那大学的海洋学家乔伦·L·拉塞尔说。 “这个地方在地球上是独一无二的。”

    For centuries this ocean was largely unknown, its conditions so extreme that only a relative handful of sailors plied⁶ its iceberg-infested waters.

    几个世纪以来，这片海洋在很大程度上是未知的，它的气候条件是如此极端，只有相对少数的水手在这片有冰山出没的水域中航行。

    What fragmentary scientific knowledge was available came from measurements taken by explorers, naval⁷ ships, the occasional research expeditions or whaling vessels⁸.

    那些残缺不全的科学知识来自于探险者、海军船只、临时的研究探险或捕鲸船只所进行的测量。

    But more recently, a new generation of floating, autonomous⁹ probes that can collect temperature, density¹⁰ and other data for years — diving deep underwater, and even exploring beneath the Antarctic sea ice, before rising to the surface to phone home— has enabled scientists to learn much more.

    但最近，新一代的漂浮自动探测器能够收集温度、密度和其他数据长达数年——潜入水下，甚至在南极海冰下探索，然后浮出水面给家里打电话——让科学家们了解了更多。

    They have discovered that global warming is affecting the Antarctic current in complex ways, and these shifts could complicate¹¹ the ability to fight climate change in the future.

    他们发现，全球变暖正在以复杂的方式影响南极洋流，而这些变化可能会使未来应对气候变化的能力复杂化。

    As the world warms, Dr. Russell and others say, the unceasing winds that drive the upwelling are getting stronger.

    罗素博士和其他人表示，随着世界变暖，驱动上升流的无休止的风变得越来越强。

    That could have the effect of releasing more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, by bringing to the surface more of the deep water that has held this carbon locked away for centuries.

    这可能会释放更多的二氧化碳到大气中，将更多的深水带到表层，而这些深水将这些碳封存了几个世纪。

1 gales   

龙猫

参考例句：

• I could hear gales of laughter coming from downstairs. 我能听到来自楼下的阵阵笑声。
• This was greeted with gales of laughter from the audience. 观众对此报以阵阵笑声。

2 swells   

增强( swell的第三人称单数 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情）

参考例句：

• The waters were heaving up in great swells. 河水正在急剧上升。
• A barrel swells in the middle. 水桶中部隆起。

3 mariners   

海员，水手（mariner的复数形式）

参考例句：

• Mariners were also able to fix their latitude by using an instrument called astrolabe. 海员们还可使用星盘这种仪器确定纬度。
• The ancient mariners traversed the sea. 古代的海员漂洋过海。

4 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

5 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

6 plied   

v.使用（工具）( ply的过去式和过去分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意

参考例句：

• They plied me with questions about my visit to England. 他们不断地询问我的英国之行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They plied us with tea and cakes. 他们一个劲儿地让我们喝茶、吃糕饼。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

8 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 autonomous   

adj.自治的；独立的

参考例句：

• They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
• This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。

10 density   

n.密集，密度，浓度

参考例句：

• The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
• The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。

11 complicate   

vt.使复杂化，使混乱，使难懂

参考例句：

• There is no need to complicate matters.没有必要使问题复杂化。
• These events will greatly complicate the situation.这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。