奥巴马每周电视讲话 BP石油泄漏独立调查委员会

Weekly Address: President Obama Establishes Bipartisan National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling
  每周电视讲话：奥巴马总统成立两党联合的关于BP深海地平线（Deepwater Horizon）石油泄漏和近海钻井的国家调查委员会
 
Names Former Two-Term Florida Governor and Former Senator Bob Graham and Former Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency William K. Reilly as Commission Co-Chairs
  提名前两届佛罗里达州长兼参议员鲍勃·格雷汉姆（Bob Graham）以及前环保局局长威廉·瑞利（William K. Reilly）共同担任委员会主席。
 
WASHINGTON – In this week’s address, President Obama announced that he has signed an executive order establishing the bipartisan National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling with former two-term Florida Governor and former Senator Bob Graham and former Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency William K. Reilly serving as co-chairs.
  华盛顿：本周电视讲话中，奥巴马总统宣布已签署一项行政命令成立两党联合的关于BP深海地平线石油泄漏和近海钻井的国家调查委员会。并提名前两届佛罗里达州长兼参议员鲍勃•格雷汉姆以及前环保局局长威廉•瑞利共同担任该委员会主席。
 
The bipartisan National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling is tasked with providing recommendations on how we can prevent – and mitigate the impact of – any future spills that result from offshore drilling.
  两党联合的关于BP深海地平线石油泄漏及近海钻井国家调查委员会的任务是对我们如何避免今后由于任何近海钻井引发的石油泄漏问题以及减轻其影响提供相关建议。
 
l  The commission will be focused on the necessary environmental and safety precautions we must build into our regulatory framework in order to ensure an accident like this never happens again, taking into account the other investigations concerning the causes of the spill.

l  The commission will have bipartisan co-chairs with a total membership of seven people. Membership will include broad and diverse representation of individuals with relevant expertise. No sitting government employees or elected officials will sit on the commission.

l  The Commission’s work will be transparent and subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act.  The Commission will issue a report within six months of having been convened.
  l  考虑到其他调查更关注石油泄漏的原因，该委员会将重点关注我们必须在管理架构中建立必要的环境和安全预防措施以避免类似情况再次发生。

l  该委员会将由七人组成，两党各出一人共同担任主席。成员包括广泛的相关专家代表。且不会有现任政府雇员及官员在该委员会任职。

l  该委员会的工作是透明的，并以《联邦咨询委员会法》为准则。委员会将于组建日起六个月内发布一份报告。
 
 
President Obama named the following individuals as Co-Chairs of National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling:
  奥巴马总统提名以下两人共同担任关于BP深海地平线石油泄漏和近海钻井国家调查委员会主席：
 
Senator Bob Graham is the former two–term governor of Florida and served for 18 years in the United States Senate. Senator Graham is recognized for his leadership on issues ranging from healthcare and environmental preservation to his ten years of service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence — including eighteen months as chairman in 2001–2002. After retiring from public life in January 2005, Senator Graham served for a year as a senior fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government.  From May 2008 to February 2010, he served as Chairman of the Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism whose mandate was to build on the work of the 9/11 Commission. Senator Graham was also appointed to serve as a Commissioner on the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, established by Congress to examine the global and domestic causes of the recent financial crisis.  The Commission will provide its findings and conclusions in a final report due to Congress on December 15, 2010.  He also serves as a member of the CIA External Advisory Board and the chair of the Board of Overseers of the Graham Center for Public Service at the University of Florida. Senator Graham has been recognized by national and Florida organizations for his public service including The Woodrow Wilson Institute award for Public Service, The National Park Trust Public Service award and The Everglades Coalition Hall of Fame. Senator Graham earned a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Florida and an LLB from Harvard Law School. He is the recipient of an honorary doctorate of public service from his alma mater, the University of Florida, and honorary doctorates from Pomona College and Nova Southeastern University.
  参议员鲍勃·格雷汉姆（Bob Graham）是前两届佛罗里达州长并在美国参议院任职18年。格雷汉姆参议员在参议院情报调查委员会任职十年，并于2001-2002年间担任该委员会主席8个月，他在处理包括医保和环保问题上的领导力受到广泛认可。自2005年1月从公职退休后，他在哈弗大学肯尼迪政治学院担任了一年的高级研究员。从2008年5月至2010年1月，他担任防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散和恐怖主义委员会主席，该委员会的工作建立在911委员会的工作基础上。他还被任命为由国会成立的调查国际及国内引发本次金融危机原因的金融危机调查委员会委员。该委员会将于2010年12月15日前向国会提交其调查结果和结论的最终报告。他同时还是中央情报局外部咨询委员会成员以及佛罗里达大学格雷汉姆公共服务研究中心监察委员会主席。格雷汉姆参议员曾受到国家和佛罗里达州各组织机构的表彰，其中包括伍德罗威尔逊研究所的公共服务奖，国家公园信任公共服务奖，并入选湿地联合会名人堂。格雷汉姆参议员在佛罗里达大学获政治学学士学位，从哈弗大学法学院获法学士学位。同时，他还从母校佛罗里达大学获得公共服务的荣誉博士学位，同时也是波莫纳学院以及新东南大学的荣誉博士。
 
William K. Reilly is a Founding Partner of Aqua International Partners, LP, a private equity fund dedicated to investing in companies engaged in water and renewable energy, and a Senior Advisor to TPG Capital, LP, an international investment partnership. Mr. Reilly served as the first Payne Visiting Professor at Stanford University (1993-1994), Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1989-1993), president of the World Wildlife Fund (1985-1989), president of The Conservation Foundation (1973-1989), and director of the Rockefeller Task Force on Land Use and Urban Growth from (1972-1973).  He also served as the head of the U.S. delegation to the United Nations Earth Summit at Rio in 1992.  Mr. Reilly is Chairman Emeritus of the Board of the World Wildlife Fund, Co-Chair of the National Commission on Energy Policy, Chairman of the Board of the ClimateWorks Foundation, Chairman of the Advisory Board for the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions at Duke University, and a Director of the Packard Foundation and the National Geographic Society and a member of Gov. Schwarzenegger’s Delta Vision Blue Ribbon Task Force. He also serves on the Board of Directors of DuPont, ConocoPhillips, Royal Caribbean International and Energy Future Holdings, for which he serves as Chairman of the Sustainable Energy Advisory Board.  In 2007 Mr. Reilly was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He holds a B.A. degree from Yale, J.D. from Harvard and M.S. in Urban Planning from Columbia University.
  威廉·瑞利是水国际合伙公司的创始人之一，该公司是一家致力于投资从事水资源和新能源公司的私募基金公司，同时，他还是德克萨斯太平洋投资集团（TPG Capital, LP, 一家国际投资合资企业）的高级顾问。瑞利先生是斯坦福大学第一位佩恩客座教授（1993-1994），美国环境保护局局长（1989-1993），世界野生物基金会主席（1985-1989），保护基金主席（1973-1989），洛克菲勒土地使用和城镇增长特别小组主任（1972-1973）。他还是1992年里约联合国地球峰会美国代表团团长。瑞利先生是世界野生物基金董事会的退休荣誉主席，国家能源政策委员会的联合主席，气候工作基金董事会主席，杜克大学尼古拉斯能源政策学院咨询委员会主席，帕克基金和国家地理协会董事，施瓦辛格州长三角洲视觉蓝带特别小组成员。他同时也在杜邦公司，康菲石油公司，皇家加勒比国际公司供职，他还是未来能源控股公司的可持续能源咨询委员会主席。2007年，瑞利先生入选美国艺术与科学研究院。他在耶鲁大学获学士学位，是哈佛大学法学博士，以及哥伦比亚大学城市规划硕士。
 

 
 
One month ago this week, BP’s Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded off Louisiana’s coast, killing 11 people and rupturing an underwater pipe. The resulting oil spill has not only dealt an economic blow to Americans across the Gulf Coast, it also represents an environmental disaster.
  一个月前，BP的深海地平线钻井机在路易斯安那海岸发生爆炸，造成11人死亡和深海管道的炸裂。随之而来的石油泄露沉重打击了墨西哥海湾沿岸的美国居民，也造成了严重的生态灾难。
 
In response, we are drawing on America’s best minds and using the world’s best technology to stop the leak. We’ve deployed over 1,100 vessels, about 24,000 personnel, and more than 2 million total feet of boom to help contain it. And we’re doing all we can to assist struggling fishermen, and the small businesses and communities that depend on them.
  为了应对，我们召集了美国顶尖的科技人员，采用世界上最先进的技术来封堵泄露。我们部署了1100多艘船，2.4万人员，以及200多万英尺的围栏来围住泄露的原油。同时我们竭尽所能帮助受灾渔民，小公司以及社区度过难关。
 
Folks on the Gulf Coast – and across America – are rightly demanding swift action to clean up BP’s mess and end this ordeal. But they’re also demanding to know how this happened in the first place, and how we can make sure it never happens again. That’s what I’d like to spend a few minutes talking with you about.
  墨西哥海湾沿岸以及全美国的人民都要求迅速采取措施清理BP的烂摊子，结束这场折磨。他们还要求第一时间知道这事儿是怎么发生的，以及我们如何确保今后不发生类似的情况。这就是我今天要花时间谈的内容。
 
First and foremost, what led to this disaster was a breakdown of responsibility on the part of BP and perhaps others, including Transocean and Halliburton. And we will continue to hold the relevant companies accountable not only for being forthcoming and transparent about the facts surrounding the leak, but for shutting it down, repairing the damage it does, and repaying Americans who’ve suffered a financial loss.
  首要的是，导致这场灾难的是BP以及其他包括Transocean和Halliburton等公司的责任缺失。我们将持续要求相关公司对此负责，不仅仅包括即将公布的关于泄露的真实原因，还有堵住泄露，修复其造成的损伤，并为因此而受灾的美国人民赔偿经济损失。
 
But even as we continue to hold BP accountable, we also need to hold Washington accountable. Now, this catastrophe is unprecedented in its nature, and it presents a host of new challenges we are working to address. But the question is what lessons we can learn from this disaster to make sure it never happens again.
  在我们持续要求BP负责的时候，我们也应该要求华盛顿负责。当下，这场重大灾难本身是空前的，它向我们的工作提出了新的需要应对的挑战。但问题是，我们能从这场灾难中学到些什么东西以确保今后不发生类似的事故。
 
If the laws on our books are inadequate to prevent such an oil spill, or if we didn’t enforce those laws – I want to know it.  I want to know what worked and what didn’t work in our response to the disaster, and where oversight of the oil and gas industry broke down. We know, for example, that a cozy relationship between oil and gas companies and agencies that regulate them has long been a source of concern.
  是我们的法律条文缺乏预防这种石油泄露的规定，还是我们没有按照法律规定贯彻实施，我想知道这一点。我想要知道在应对灾难中，哪些起作用了，哪些没有起作用，以及在油气工业的监管中在哪里出了问题。例如我们知道，油气公司和监管机关的暧昧关系一直都是人们忧虑的隐患。
 
Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar has taken steps to address this problem; steps that build on reforms he has been implementing since he took office. But we need to do a lot more to protect the health and safety of our people; to safeguard the quality of our air and water; and to preserve the natural beauty and bounty of America.
  内务部长肯·萨拉查（Ken Salazar）已经采取措施处理这一问题；这些措施建立在他上任以来就一直在进行的改革方案之上。但我们需要做更多来保护人民的健康和安全；保证我们的空气和水的质量；保卫美国的自然美景和辽阔疆域。
 
In recent weeks, we’ve taken a number of immediate measures to prevent another spill.  We’ve ordered inspections of all deepwater operations in the Gulf of Mexico.  We’ve announced that no permits for drilling new wells will go forward until the 30-day safety and environmental review I requested is complete.  And I’ve called on Congress to pass a bill that would provide critical funds and tools to respond to this spill and better prepare us to confront any future spills.
  最近几周，我们采取了数项紧急措施以预防发生类似泄露。我们责令墨西哥海湾的所有深海作业平台展开检查。我们已经声明，新开钻井在30天的必须的安全和环境评估检查结束之前不允许钻探。同时我要求国会通过一项法案来提供临时资金和手段使我们为应对今后的泄露事件做出更好的准备。
 
But we also need to take a comprehensive look at how the oil and gas industry operates and how we regulate them. That is why, on Friday, I signed an executive order establishing the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling. While there are a number of ongoing investigations, including an independent review by the National Academy of Engineering, the purpose of this Commission is to consider both the root causes of the disaster and offer options on what safety and environmental precautions we need to take to prevent a similar disaster from happening again.  This Commission, I’d note, is similar to one proposed by Congresswoman Capps and Senator Whitehouse.
  但我们依然需要全面了解油气工业的运营以及我们如何监管他们。这是我周五签署成立关于BP深海地平线石油泄漏和近海钻井的国家调查委员会的行政命令的原因。由于已经有了一些正在进行中的调查，其中包括国家工程研究院的独立调查，该委员会的目标包括找出这次灾难的根源以及提出我们需要采取的安全和环境预防措施来预防类似灾难发生。需要说明的是，该委员会有点类似国会议员Capps和参议员Whitehouse的提议。
 
I’ve asked Democrat Bob Graham and Republican Bill Reilly to co-chair this Commission. Bob served two terms as Florida’s governor, and represented Florida as a United States Senator for almost two decades. During that time, he earned a reputation as a champion of the environment, leading the most extensive environmental protection effort in the state’s history.
  我已经邀请民主党的鲍勃·格雷汉姆和共和党的比尔·瑞利共同担任该委员会主席。鲍勃是两届佛罗里达州长，并代表佛罗里达州任美国参议员长达20年。在此期间，他赢得了环境领域的最高荣誉，领导了美国历史上最广泛的环境保护工作。
 
Bill Reilly is chairman emeritus of the board of the World Wildlife Fund, and he is also deeply knowledgeable about the oil and gas industry. During the presidency of George H.W. Bush, Bill was Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and his tenure encompassed the Exxon Valdez disaster.
  比尔·瑞利是世界野生物基金会的退休荣誉主席，在油气工业方面有很深的造诣。在布什总统任职期间，比尔是环境保护局的局长，他在任期内处理了埃克森-瓦尔迪兹号（Exxon Valdez）油轮泄漏事件。
 
I can’t think of two people who will bring greater experience or better judgment to the task at hand. In the days to come, I’ll appoint 5 other distinguished Americans – including scientists, engineers, and environmental advocates – to join them on the Commission. And I’m directing them to report back in 6 months with recommendations on how we can prevent – and mitigate the impact of – any future spills that result from offshore drilling.
  我不能指望两个人就为现在的任务带来更多经验和更好的判断。在接下来的日子里，我将任命另外5名杰出的美国人，包括科学家，工程师以及环保人士加入到这个委员会中。我将任命他们在六个月内返回相关建议：我们如何预防今后由近海钻探引起的石油泄露以及减轻其影响。
 
One of the reasons I ran for President was to put America on the path to energy independence, and I have not wavered from that commitment. To achieve that goal, we must pursue clean energy and energy efficiency, and we’ve taken significant steps to do so. And we must also pursue domestic sources of oil and gas. Because it represents 30 percent of our oil production, the Gulf of Mexico can play an important part in securing our energy future. But we can only pursue offshore oil drilling if we have assurances that a disaster like the BP oil spill will not happen again. This Commission will, I hope, help provide those assurances so we can continue to seek a secure energy future for the United States of America.
  我竞选总统的原因之一就是让美国走上能源独立的道路，而且一直以来从未动摇。为达成这一目标，我们必须继续追求清洁能源和能源利用效率，而且我们已经取得了一些重大进展。同时我们还要继续勘探国内的油气资源。因为它代表了我们30%的石油产出，墨西哥海湾在我们未来能源安全中将扮演重要角色。但只有在我们能确保类似BP石油泄露的灾难不会再一次发生，我们才能开采近海石油。我希望，这个委员会能帮助提供相关保障，确保我们继续寻求美国未来的能源安全。
 
Thanks so much.
  谢谢！