PBS高端访谈:第一次总统辩论我们可以从中获悉什么?

 　　HARI SREENIVASAN, PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND ANCHOR: Joining me now from Santa Barbara, California, to talk about what the first presidential debate is "NewsHour Weekend" special correspondent Jeff Greenfield.

　　Jeff, I'm hearing Super Bowl-esque number potentials for the audience that might be watching this. And do most of us wait for the one-liners, the moments, the verbal and nonverbal communications? Or are we actually paying attention the whole 90 minutes or two hours, or whatever it is?

　　JEFF GREENFIELD, NEWSHOUR WEEKEND SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT: Certainly, not just the audience, but this army of journalists tend to look for that kind of moment. In fact, if you ask a journalist to recite the history of presidential debates, it would be, Nixon looked shallow. Ford¹ prematurely² liberated³ Poland from Soviet⁴ domination. Reagan said, "There you go again". Du kakis didn't seem it care if his wife was raped⁵ and murdered. George H.W. Bush looked at his watch. That's what always makes the next day's stories.

　　But I think that often it's the entire 90 minutes that viewers take away. If you think about the Obama-Romney debate four years ago, it wasn't any one moment that caused people to say Romney had won, it was the overall difference between what seemed to be a kind of defensive⁶, sometimes petulant⁷ Obama and very assured, in command Romney. So, that's what I think you need to pay as much attention to as those moments.

　　SREENIVASAN: What about that level of expectation when Romney looked presidential and perhaps the expectation for Donald Trump⁸ is can he look presidential, can he contain himself for this period of time, is that a different level of expectation we have for him than say Hillary Clinton who has had such a long career in public service?

　　GREENFIELD: Yes, first of all, I'm developing an app which will deliver a nonlethal but painful shock to any analyst⁹ that says they have to appear presidential. You know, I always suggest someone should put on 200 pounds to look like William Howard Taft.

　　But more seriously, I think there is a danger of overstating the fact that Donald Trump is so out of the mainstream¹⁰ of candidates, you know, not only no public office but no civic¹¹ engagement, that he is going to be held to a, quote, "lower standard". I think — I understand the point, but I do think that 90 minutes one-on-one with one of these two people is going to be president of the United States, and I'm not sure that a one-liner or a dismissive answer t a question about the complexities¹² of say, dealing¹³ with NATO countries under attack is going to be enough for him.

　　You know, I think that if he after 90 minutes can't offer a coherent account of what he means, that's going to cost him.

　　第一次总统辩论我们可以从中获悉什么?

　　SREENIVASAN: You in a former life have also helped candidates prepare for these events. Going into it, what would you tell both of these candidates today?

　　GREENFIELD: Well, I have to say, I do think that I would advise Hillary Clinton, it would be a much tougher — a much tougher piece of advice because it is true that what Trump is — I'm sure is being told is provide an answer that suggests you are familiar with the topic, and also counter her experience — this is what I once called political judo¹⁴, take the strength as a weakness. If you are so experienced, why did you vote for the war in Iraq? How did we make such a hash of Syria and Libya?

　　Her challenge, I think, would be both to acknowledge error, and then say, but, you know, one of the key things you need to do as a president is to learn from your mistakes the way John Kennedy learned after the Bay of Pigs not to put too much trust in the military during the Cuban nuclear crisis. And then turn it and say, but one of your issues, Donald — and I think she might all him Donald — is you don't seem ever to admit a mistake. That's a very bad notion for a president.

　　The other thing, the oral history of the Gore¹⁵-Bush in "The New York Times" today, and what happened apparently¹⁶ is both side agree was that Gore had such contempt for Bush's knowledge that he let it show in all those sighs and impressions of exasperation¹⁷. And that's all everybody remembered from the first debate.

　　So, in the case of advising Hillary Clinton, there needs to be this fine line between trying to prove that she's smarter than he is, which would, you know, not be the right way to go, and then take his lack of knowledge and explain why that matters, that this isn't just a civics test. It's about, you know, governing as president.

　　SREENIVASAN: How about the role of moderator? What should Lester Holt be doing tomorrow night?

　　GREENFIELD: Well, you know, one of the things, you know, as I fantasize in my former non-virginal life as a political operative (ph), what would you do if 10 minutes into the debate, Trump turns to Lester Holt and says, you know, you're being very unfair?

　　All through the primaries, in fact Gingrich did this four years ago and it was many did this in the spring, particularly in the Republican primary, beating up on a moderator from the mass media, from the mainstream media, doesn't cost you any points. But in terms of Holt, Lester Holt, it's a very difficult position.

　　I think Jim Lehrer was right who moderated many of these debates saying this isn't an interview, because are you moderating a debate, what you need to do if you think that Donald Trump has stepped way over the line on factual matters which I think as a matter of fact he has, that to his opponent say, "What is your reaction to that, Secretary Clinton?" It is not his job to correct because then you wind up completely you know, unsettling the whole framework of the debate. I know that there are a lot of people who think that's what should happen particularly after the criticism leveled at Matt Lauer. But I really think it's a role that almost doesn't permit to do that.

　　SREENIVASAN: All right. "NewsHour" special correspondent Jeff Greenfield joining us from Santa Barbara — thanks so much.

　　GREENFIELD: Pleasure.

1 Ford   

n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过

参考例句：

• They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上，所以我们只能涉水过河。
• If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪，必须极度小心。

2 prematurely   

adv.过早地，贸然地

参考例句：

• She was born prematurely with poorly developed lungs. 她早产，肺部未发育健全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His hair was prematurely white, but his busy eyebrows were still jet-black. 他的头发已经白了，不过两道浓眉还是乌黑乌黑的。 来自辞典例句

3 liberated   

a.无拘束的，放纵的

参考例句：

• The city was liberated by the advancing army. 军队向前挺进，解放了那座城市。
• The heat brings about a chemical reaction, and oxygen is liberated. 热量引起化学反应，释放出氧气。

4 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

5 raped   

v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的过去式和过去分词 )；强奸

参考例句：

• A young woman was brutally raped in her own home. 一名年轻女子在自己家中惨遭强暴。 来自辞典例句
• We got stick together, or we will be having our women raped. 我们得团结一致，不然我们的妻女就会遭到蹂躏。 来自辞典例句

6 defensive   

adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的

参考例句：

• Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题，使她警觉起来。
• The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。

7 petulant   

adj.性急的，暴躁的

参考例句：

• He picked the pen up with a petulant gesture.他生气地拿起那支钢笔。
• The thing had been remarked with petulant jealousy by his wife.

8 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

9 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

10 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。

11 civic   

adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的

参考例句：

• I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。
• The civic leaders helped to forward the project.市政府领导者协助促进工程的进展。

12 complexities   

复杂性(complexity的名词复数)； 复杂的事物

参考例句：

• The complexities of life bothered him. 生活的复杂使他困惑。
• The complexities of life bothered me. 生活的杂乱事儿使我心烦。

13 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

14 judo   

n.柔道

参考例句：

• The judo is a kind of fighting sport.柔道是一种对抗性体育活动。
• Which is more important in judo, strength or techniques?柔道运动中，力量和技术哪个更重要？

15 gore   

n.凝血，血污；v.（动物）用角撞伤，用牙刺破；缝以补裆；顶

参考例句：

• The fox lay dying in a pool of gore.狐狸倒在血泊中奄奄一息。
• Carruthers had been gored by a rhinoceros.卡拉瑟斯被犀牛顶伤了。

16 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

17 exasperation   

n.愤慨

参考例句：

• He snorted with exasperation.他愤怒地哼了一声。
• She rolled her eyes in sheer exasperation.她气急败坏地转动着眼珠。