全球社会热点新闻 父亲是培养孩子人情味的关键

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Fatherhood is an important part of what makes us human

父亲是培养孩子人情味的关键

Some 95 percent of male mammals have little to no interaction with their children. Homo sapiens are one of the most notable exceptions，leading some scientists to think fatherhood is an important part of what makes us human.

约有95%的雄性哺乳动物很少或根本不和子女交流。智人是最值得注意的一个例外,致使一些科学家认为父性在培养孩子富有人情味方面起着重要作用。

Most theories for the family involvement of fathers invoke¹ the familiar Man the Hunter characterization, in which dad protects and provides for his young.

大多数牵扯到父亲的家庭理论都提到我们所熟悉的《男人，猎人》中的特性描写，即父亲保护孩子的安全,并为孩子提供生活费用.

While fathers do play key roles in securing the physical health of their children, they also can be important for the optimum development of psychological and emotional traits considered to be primarily human, such as empathy, emotional control and the ability to navigate² complex social relationships.

父亲不仅在确保孩子身体健康方面起着重要作用，在培养孩子最佳心理和情感品质方面也能起到重要作用。这些品质被视为最重要的人性品质,比如同情心、情绪控制以及处理复杂社会关系的能力。

Unlike many other animals, humans need their fathers well beyond the act that leads to conception, researchers are coming to realize.

研究人员逐渐认识到，人类有别于其他许多动物,他们对父亲的需要远远超出其导致受孕的行为。

There is plenty of time for this emotional hand-off. While other primate³ babies can fend⁴ for themselves in roughly a decade, human childhood stretches 18 to 20 years, said David Geary of the University of Missouri and author of Male, Female: Evolution of Human Sex Differences (American Psychological Association, 1998).

人类有充足的时间进行这种情感的传递。密苏里州州立大学的大卫吉尔里是《男性，女性:人类性别差异的演化》(美国心理学会，1998)的作者。他说,其他灵长类动物的幼子能在大约10年后独自谋生,而人类的童年却延长到18至20年。

Also, anthropologists speculate that the relative helplessness of human children has made multiple caregivers a vital necessitythat encourages bringing dad into the picture‘ Even today, in both traditional and industrialized communities, a father’s presence correlates with improved health and decreased child mortality, Geary said.

此外，人类学家推测,人类儿童的相对无助使得他们极其需要众多的照顾者,这促使父亲也加人进来。吉尔里说，即使在今天，无论在传统的群落还是工业化社区,父亲的存在都与改善孩子的健康状况、降低孩子的死亡率有关系。

Evolutionarily speaking，he added, the kid-phase probably lengthened⁵ as dads got more involved. With an extra person dedicated⁶ to caring for them, kids have no need to rush towards adulthood⁷.

他补充道,从进化的角度来说由于父亲的参与,儿童期有可能延长，由于有专人精心照顾他们,孩子们也就没有必要急着走向成年期。

Perhaps out of worry for their kids’ future financial security, dads across human cultures mostly focus on preparing children to compete within society. They give advice, encourage academic success and stress achievement, Geary said. But it is not all lesson plans and lectures.

也许是出于担心孩子未来的经济保障,在整个人类文化中父亲主要侧重于为孩子参与社会竞争作好准备。吉尔里说,他们给孩子提出建议、鼓励他们争取学科成就，并且重视他们的学习成绩。但这并不全部是课程计划和讲座。

Kids also learn from fathers during a unique form of papa play. Unlike mothers, fathers tend to roughhouse with their children.

孩子们还通过和爸爸玩游戏这种独特的形式向父亲学习。因为父亲和母亲不同,他们更喜欢和孩子们打打闹闹地玩耍。

“They rile them up, almost to the point Aat they are going to snap, and then calm them down,” Geary said.

吉尔里说广他们激怒孩子，把他们通到几乎要崩溃的地步,然后再设法使他们安静下来，”

This pattern teaches kids to control their emotions a trait that garners⁸ them popularity among superiors and peers, he said.

他说，父亲以这种模式教会孩子如何控制自己的情绪一这是一种让他们在长辈和同辈中受到普遍欢迎的品质。

Good fathers are rewarded with qualify family relationships across the board, Geaiy said.

吉尔里说,好父亲得到的回报是家人关系非常和睦。

When children have warm relationships with their father, as well as calm home lives, tbey tend to sexually mature later. Their bodies intuit they are safe and time is takm perfecting social skills before enteriag lihe real world, Geary said.

孩子们和父亲关系密切,家庭生活又平静安宁，日后性别成熟就更容易形成。吉尔里说，他们的身体本能地知道自己是安全的，因此在进入现实社会之前,就能花费充足的时间完善社会技能。

The extra practice gives children a competitive edge. As adults, they are more likely to form secure relationships, achieve stable social standing⁹ and become able parents. In this sense, a fther who takes care of his children also gives his grandchildien a leg up.

这种特别的培养方式给孩子提供了竞争优势。长大成人后,他们更可能形成可靠的人际关 系,获得稳定的社会地位进而成为有能力的父母。从这个意义上来说,照顾孩子的父亲也会给孙辈提供帮助。

Not that involved dads must wait to be grandpas to reap rewards firom pitching in with childcare. In addition to experiencing die tenderness of the &ther-child bond, many dads gain a feeling of camaraderie¹⁰ by providing support for mom. Also, the more help a mother receives after giving birth, the faster she becomes fertile again.

和孩子关系密切的父亲,并不一定要等到当了爷爷才能获得协助教养孩子的回报。许多父亲不仅从中体验到温存的父子关系,还通过为母亲提供帮助而获得友爱的感觉。另外,母亲分挽后获得的帮助越多再次受孕的速度也越快。

1 invoke   

v.求助于(神、法律)；恳求，乞求

参考例句：

• Let us invoke the blessings of peace.让我们祈求和平之福。
• I hope I'll never have to invoke this clause and lodge a claim with you.我希望我永远不会使用这个条款向你们索赔。

2 navigate   

v.航行，飞行；导航，领航

参考例句：

• He was the first man to navigate the Atlantic by air.他是第一个飞越大西洋的人。
• Such boats can navigate on the Nile.这种船可以在尼罗河上航行。

3 primate   

n.灵长类（目）动物，首席主教；adj.首要的

参考例句：

• 14 percent of primate species are highly endangered.14%的灵长类物种处于高度濒危状态。
• The woolly spider monkey is the largest primate in the Americas.绒毛蛛猴是美洲最大的灵长类动物。

4 fend   

v.照料（自己），（自己）谋生，挡开，避开

参考例句：

• I've had to fend for myself since I was 14.我从十四岁时起就不得不照料自己。
• He raised his arm up to fend branches from his eyes.他举手将树枝从他眼前挡开。

5 lengthened   

（时间或空间）延长，伸长( lengthen的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The afternoon shadows lengthened. 下午影子渐渐变长了。
• He wanted to have his coat lengthened a bit. 他要把上衣放长一些。

6 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。

7 adulthood   

n.成年，成人期

参考例句：

• Some infantile actions survive into adulthood.某些婴儿期的行为一直保持到成年期。
• Few people nowadays are able to maintain friendships into adulthood.如今很少有人能将友谊维持到成年。

8 garners   

v.收集并（通常）贮藏（某物），取得，获得( garner的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The seeds rot the garners are laid desolate, the barns aredownthe grain is withered. 种子都在地里腐烂了，没有谷物好储藏；空谷仓都成了废墟。 来自互联网

9 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

10 camaraderie   

n.同志之爱，友情

参考例句：

• The camaraderie among fellow employees made the tedious work just bearable.同事之间的情谊使枯燥乏味的工作变得还能忍受。
• Some bosses are formal and have occasional interactions,while others prefer continual camaraderie.有些老板很刻板，偶尔才和下属互动一下；有些则喜欢和下属打成一片。