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Welfare and social insurance —Who should get swine-flu vaccination¹ first

社会福利和社保——谁应该先注射甲流疫苗

World health officials are carefully watching the H1N 1/09 swine-flu virus as it makes its way through the Southern Hemisphere, which is currently in the thick of its flu season.

H1N1/09型甲流病毒传播到了南半球,使该地域目前处于流感髙发季节。

They are particularly interested in seeing how severely² the virus affects infected people in parts of Africa, South America and Australia,

世界卫生组织官员正对此进行密切观察，希望能预测到病毒会对非洲、南美和澳大利亚地区的人们造成多大的影响。这是官员们迫切需要解决的问题,

since their illnesses could be a good predictor of how aggressive the virus will be when flu season returns to the rest of the world in the fall.

因为这些地区的病情将能很准确地 预测到流感季节(秋季)重回时世界各地疫情的严重情况.

So far, the H1N 1/09 flu appears to be mild overall and treatable with existing antiviral therapies.

到目前为止,H1N1/09型流感病毒似乎是温和的，并且可以用 现有的抗病毒治疗方法治愈。

But given that the virus continues to cause some serious cases of illness and death, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) isn't taking any chances.

但鉴于该病毒继续导致一些严重的病例和死亡案例，美国疾病预防控制中心(CDCP)在防治上没有心存任何侥幸。

On Wednesday, July 29, the agency called an urgent meeting of its Advisory³ Committee on Immunization Practices, which decides who gets vaccinated⁵ against which diseases and when.

7月29日星期三,该机构紧急召开免疫措施咨询委员会会议,决定哪些人该在何时获得抵御哪种疾病的疫苗。

The committee was asked to generate guidelines for H1N1/09 vaccination, if and when the agency determines that such immunizations become necessary, in addition to those for seasonal⁶ flu.

如果当疾病预防控制中心认定接种疫苗变成必要，委员会要制定出关于接种H1N1/09型流感和其他流感疫苗的指导方针。

The 15-member panel of doctors, scientists, vaccine⁷ experts, public-health officials and a citizen representative came up with five core populations they believe should receive the first wave of HIN 1/09 immunization.

这个15人的小组由医生、科学家、疫苗专家、公共卫生官员和公民代表组成，提出了他们认为的应该首先接种H1N1/09疫苗的5类核心人群。

These include pregnant women, people living in households with babies under 6 months old (since infants cannot be immunized, they must be protected by preventing illness in those around them),

这些人包括孕妇,家中有6个月以下婴儿的家庭成员（因为婴儿不能接种,必须通过防止周围的人生病来预防）,

emergency medical personnel who are likely to be in contact with infected patients, young people between 6 months and 24 years old,

可能跟受感染病人接触的急诊医护人员，6个月至24岁间的年轻人,

and non-elderly individuals who have underlying⁸ conditions, such as asthma⁹, respiratory illness or a compromised immune system, that put them at higher risk of flu convocations.

或患有如哮喘、呼吸系统疾病或破坏免疫系统等能够增加患较离流感并发症风险的非老年人.

Notably¹⁰ absent from the target list are the elderly, those over age 65, who are generally considered a high-risk group when it comes to seasonal infiuenza.

值得注意的是，目标名单上没有年龄超过65岁的老年人,他们普遑被认为是流惑季节里的髙危人群的老人。

Based on the pmlattons who were handest hit by HIN1/09 last spring, first in Mexico and then across other continents,

根据去年春天从墨西哥爆发再传到世界各地的H1N1/09流感中感染严重的人群情况，

CDCP experts believe that the elderly will not be asvulnerable to HIN1/09 in the fail as younger adults might be.

疾病预防控制中心的专家认为，在秋季的H1N1/09型流感中,年轻人容易被感染而并非是老年人。

In fact, health officials have relegated¹¹ the elderly to the bade of the line for HXN1/09 vaccinations¹² after the five target groups have received tiieir shots,

事实上,卫生官员巳经把老年人放到接种H1N1/09型流感病毒疫苗名单的后面，

the next eligible¹³ group would be younger, healthy adults who have no underlying medical conditions that would complicate¹⁴ the flu.

在五大目标群体之后的是比他们年轻的、未患有可能将流感病情复杂化疾病的成年人。

Only after those peculations have been inoculated¹⁵ would the elderly be permitted to receive vaccination.

只有在这些人群接种后, 老年人才被允许接受疫苗注射。

"People who are 65 and over are at high risk of influenza¹⁶ complications from seasonal influenza," Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of the CDCP's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, told reporters on Wednesday.

疾病预防控制中心的全国免疫和呼吸系统疾病中心主任安妮斯图查特博士周三对记者说:“65岁以上的老年人是季节性流感的高危人群,

"It's important that they get the seasonal-flu shot. But the H1N1 outbreaks have so far spared that population.

给他们注射季节性流感疫苗很重要,但他们迄今在H1N1流感的爆发中未受影响。

So I would tell them that their risk of illness from this virus is very low compared to that of younger people."

所以我告诉他们,他们患这种病的风险比年轻人低得多。”

That could still change, but at least for now, says Schuchat local and state health authorities will have some guidelines for deciding who should get vaccinated if it becomes necessary.

斯图査特说这情况有可能会改变，但至少到目前为止,如果变得必要,地方和国家卫生机构会为谁该注射疫苗制定出指导方针。

That could be useful since initial lots of the vaccine, which will have to be given in two doses, may not be sufficient to vaccinate⁴ everyone who wants it; some targetting of the first shots will be necessary.

这可能是有益的，因为初步研制的大部分疫苗必须要注射两剂，可能不够给所有希望注射的人用,注射第一针非常重要。

Manufacturers around the world are currently preparing and testing vaccines¹⁷ the first are expected to be ready in Octoberbut Schuchat stressed on Wednesday that the CDCP has not yet decided¹⁸ whether it will recommend HIN 1/09 vaccination at all.

世界各地的制造商目前正在准备和测 试疫苗，第一批疫苗估计在10月完成。但斯图查特周三强调，疾病预防控制中心还没有决定是否推荐接种H1N1/09型流感病毒疫苗。

1 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

2 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

3 advisory   

adj.劝告的，忠告的，顾问的，提供咨询

参考例句：

• I have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals.我曾在多家医院做过顾问工作。
• He was appointed to the advisory committee last month.他上个月获任命为顾问委员会委员。

4 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

5 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

6 seasonal   

adj.季节的，季节性的

参考例句：

• The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
• The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。

7 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

8 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

9 asthma   

n.气喘病，哮喘病

参考例句：

• I think he's having an asthma attack.我想他现在是哮喘病发作了。
• Its presence in allergic asthma is well known.它在过敏性气喘中的存在是大家很熟悉的。

10 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

11 relegated   

v.使降级( relegate的过去式和过去分词 )；使降职；转移；把…归类

参考例句：

• She was then relegated to the role of assistant. 随后她被降级做助手了。
• I think that should be relegated to the garbage can of history. 我认为应该把它扔进历史的垃圾箱。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

12 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 eligible   

adj.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的

参考例句：

• He is an eligible young man.他是一个合格的年轻人。
• Helen married an eligible bachelor.海伦嫁给了一个中意的单身汉。

14 complicate   

vt.使复杂化，使混乱，使难懂

参考例句：

• There is no need to complicate matters.没有必要使问题复杂化。
• These events will greatly complicate the situation.这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。

15 inoculated   

v.给…做预防注射( inoculate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• A pedigree pup should have been inoculated against serious diseases before it's sold. 纯种狗应该在出售前注射预防严重疾病的针。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Disease can be spread by dirty tools, insects, inoculated soil. 疾病也能由不干净的工具，昆虫，接种的土壤传播。 来自辞典例句

16 influenza   

n.流行性感冒，流感

参考例句：

• They took steps to prevent the spread of influenza.他们采取措施
• Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。

17 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

18 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。