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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Amy Kraft. Got a minute?

Out of control drivers aren't the only thing city cyclists have to worry about. New research suggests that cyclists are at increased risk of lung damage because of soot¹.

A study compared people who walk or bike to work, to see how much black carbon they were exposed to. And cyclists had more soot in their lungs than walkers.

The research was presented at the European Respiratory Society's Annual Congress in Amsterdam on Sunday.

Researchers at the London School of Medicine collected sputum samples from healthy non-smokers who walk or bike to see how much black carbon was in airway² macrophages—a type of white blood cell that takes in foreign material. The analysis found that cyclists had 2.3 times more soot in their airway cells.

Cyclists take in more black carbon because they breathe faster and deeper than walkers. And they're on the road, closer to exhaust fumes³ than sidewalk pedestrians⁴ are.

The ongoing⁵ study will address more questions about benefits and risks of healthy modes of transportation. But for now, I'd steer⁶ clear of high traffic areas.

Thanks for the minute. For Scientific American's 60-Second Science, I'm Amy Kraft.

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收听单词发音

1 soot
n.煤烟，烟尘；vt.熏以煤烟
参考例句：
Soot is the product of the imperfect combustion of fuel.煤烟是燃料不完全燃烧的产物。 The chimney was choked with soot.烟囱被煤灰堵塞了。

2 airway
n.空中航线，通风口
参考例句：
Lay them on their side and ensure the airway is unobstructed.让他们侧躺着，并确保呼吸道畅通。 There is a purple airway in London Airport.伦敦机场里有一条皇家专用飞机跑道。

3 fumes
n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体
参考例句：
The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes. 我们孩子们的健康正受到排放出的废气的损害。 Exhaust fumes are bad for your health. 废气对健康有害。

4 pedestrians
n.步行者( pedestrian的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Several pedestrians had come to grief on the icy pavement. 几个行人在结冰的人行道上滑倒了。来自《简明英汉词典》 Pedestrians keep to the sidewalk [footpath]! 行人走便道。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 ongoing
adj.进行中的，前进的
参考例句：
The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。 The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

6 steer
vt.驾驶，为…操舵；引导；vi.驾驶
参考例句：
If you push the car, I'll steer it.如果你来推车，我就来驾车。 It's no use trying to steer the boy into a course of action that suits you.想说服这孩子按你的方式行事是徒劳的。