时差N小时 音乐家能够更好地辨认情感

Don: Hi Yael, what's up?

唐：嗨，雅艾尔，有什么事吗？

Yael: Well Don, I just got off the phone with my friend. She's had a run of bad luck with relationships. She says that from now on she's only going to date musicians!

雅艾尔：唐，我刚和朋友通完电话。她在感情上一直运气不好。她说从现在起她只和音乐家约会！

Don: Why? She really loves music?

唐：为什么？她有那么爱音乐吗？

Yael: No, that's not it. She thinks that somehow musicians are better than non-musicians at understanding emotions. That seems a little far-fetched to me.

雅艾尔：不，不是这样的。她觉得不管怎样音乐家都比其他人更好地理解情感。这对我来说有点牵强。

Don: Actually Yael, there is some evidence¹ that people with musical training are better at picking out emotional² cues³ in sound than people without the same musical background. A team of neuroscientists at Northwestern University compared the auditory brainstem responses of musicians and non-musicians to different emotion-laden human sounds, like crying babies. The results were not exactly what the researchers expected. They found that musicians' brainstems paid attention to a more complex⁴ part of the sound known⁵ to carry more emotional elements⁶. But their brains tended to de-emphasize the simpler part of the sound, which carries less emotional content. This wasn't true for non-musicians. The more musical experience and training a musician had, the more their nervous systems seemed able to process emotion in sound. The auditory centers in their brainstems showed a greater response than those of the non-musicians to these complex sound cues.

唐：实际上雅艾尔，有证据证明受过音乐培训的人比没有音乐背景的人，能更好地辨认声音的情感线索。西北大学的神经科学团队比较了音乐家和非音乐家在听到不同人类声音时的听性脑干反应。但结果并不像研究者所预期的那样。他们发现音乐家的大脑脑干侧重于关注声音中较为复杂的部分，即携带更多情感因素的部分。并且他们的大脑倾向于不再重视带有较少情感因素的简单的声音。但对于非音乐家来说并非如此。音乐家接受的声乐训练越多，经验越丰富，他们的神经系统似乎更有能力处理声音中的情绪。他们大脑脑干的视觉中心对复杂声音的反应比非音乐家更强烈。

Yael: Wow Don, that's really interesting. Those results seem to suggest that more experience and expertise⁷ with sound can actually change how your brain works⁸. Maybe my friend is onto something with her plan to only date musicians.

雅艾尔：哇，唐，这真是有趣啊。这些结果表明有更多声乐经验和专业知识会改变一个人大脑的运作方式。也许我朋友只与音乐家约会的计划是靠谱的。

Don: Well, musicians might be better at hearing the emotions in your voice, but that doesn't mean they're any better at knowing what to do about it!

唐：可能音乐家在聆听声音方面确实表现优秀，但是这并不意味着他们知道该怎么做更好！

1 evidence   

n.明显，显著，明白，迹象，根据，[物]证据，证物

参考例句：

• The first signs of spring are in evidence.春天的最初迹象已显然可见。
• From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.从证据看，我敢断定你错了。

2 emotional   

adj.令人动情的；易动感情的；感情(上)的

参考例句：

• Emotional people don't stop to calculate.感情容易冲动的人做事往往不加考虑。
• This is an emotional scene in the play.这是剧中动人的一幕。

3 cues   

n.尾白( cue的名词复数 )；提示；暗示；（台球等的）球杆v.向…发出指示信号( cue的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Without him they forgot their cues and garbled their lines. 一旦没有了他，她们就忘掉了她们的结尾语，或者弄错了台词。 来自辞典例句
• She does not tiptoe through life taking cues from others. 她从来不依葫芦画瓢小心翼翼地生活。 来自互联网

4 complex   

adj.复杂的，合成的，综合的；n.联合体

参考例句：

• What he said was too complex for me to understand.他说的太复杂了，我无法了解。
• Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law.正义是复杂的法律机器的一部分。

5 known   

adj.大家知道的；知名的，已知的

参考例句：

• He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
• He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。

6 elements   

原理，基础； 要素（旧时认为土、空气、火和水是构成一切物质的四大要素）( element的名词复数 )； （化学）元素； 基础； 成分

参考例句：

• Oxygen is one of the basic elements of substance. 氧是物质的基本元素之一。
• A language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar. 语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。

7 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

8 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。