时差N小时 有毒物质控制法案

In 1971, the President's Council on Environmental Quality issued a report titled “Toxic¹ Substances”. It pointed² to a sharp increase in the amount of potentially-dangerous chemicals entering the environment — from manufacturing and processsing — and a lack of government controls. Yet Congressional action would take some time.

1971年，总统的环境质量委员会发表了一篇题为“有毒物质”的报告。这篇报告指出：加工业和制造业向环境排放有潜在危险的化学物，排放数量急剧增加，却不受政府管控。然而，国会要采取行动还需一段时日。

The House and Senate each passed bills the next year to control toxic substances. But final action was delayed — by controversies³ over the scope of chemical screening and the costs of implementation⁴. Proposed legislation required significant new regulation of the chemical industry —so, its main provisions would be hotly-debated for the next several years, by all the interested parties.

次年美众议院与参议院各自通过了控制有毒物质的法案。然而，由于在化学物的范围筛选和执行成本上存在争议，所以最终决议被推迟。这次新提议的立法要求对化工业实行意义重大的新的监管。因此在未来几年，相关利益团体会就其主要条款展开激烈的辩论。

As the debate continued, several highly-publicized incidents of environmental contamination occurred, and scientific knowledge helped to clarify the threat of PCBs to waterways and the impact of chlorofluorocarbon emissions⁵ on ozone⁶ depletion⁷.

争论还在持续的时候，相继发生了几起广为报道的环境污染事件，通过科学的方法才消除了多氯联苯流向河道所带来的威胁，以及排放含氯氟烃造成臭氧层空洞带来的影响。

More exact cost-estimates also helped to clear the final passage of the Toxic Substances Control Act, which was signed into law by President Ford⁸ on October 11, 1976. This act enabled the EPA to create a list of all chemicals used in manufacturing. The first version of this list — complied in 1979 — listed over 55,000 chemicals used in commerce. Today, that list of chemicals is estimated to be approaching 1 million.

其它具体的经费预算也为《有毒物质控制法案》的最终通过扫清了障碍。这条法案于1976年10月11日被福特总统签署成为法律。法案授权环境保护局列出用于工业生产的化学物。清单的第一个版本在1979年生效，其中列出了超过五万五千种用于商业的化学物质。如今，清单上大约列出了将近100万种化学物质。

1 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

2 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

3 controversies   

争论

参考例句：

• We offer no comment on these controversies here. 对于这些争议，我们在这里不作任何评论。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史
• The controversies surrounding population growth are unlikely to subside soon. 围绕着人口增长问题的争论看来不会很快平息。 来自辞典例句

4 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

5 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

6 ozone   

n.臭氧，新鲜空气

参考例句：

• The ozone layer is a protective layer around the planet Earth.臭氧层是地球的保护层。
• The capacity of ozone can adjust according of requirement.臭氧的产量可根据需要或调节。

7 depletion   

n.耗尽，枯竭

参考例句：

• Increased consumption of water has led to rapid depletion of groundwater reserves.用水量的增加导致了地下水贮备迅速枯竭。
• Farmers should rotate crops every season to prevent depletion of the soil.农夫每季应该要轮耕，以免耗尽土壤。

8 Ford   

n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过

参考例句：

• They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上，所以我们只能涉水过河。
• If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪，必须极度小心。