时代周刊 吸毒日记(2)

Pharmaceutical¹ companies helped spark this epidemic² by aggressively marketing³ opioids as low-risk solutions for long-term chronic⁴ pain.

这一疫情一定程度上也跟药企大力鼓吹阿片类药物不仅能够治疗慢性疼痛，风险还低的做法有关。

We now know that they’re anything but low-risk—and yet drugmakers have continued to push opioids and reward doctors who prescribe them.

如今我们已经知道这种药物的风险丝毫不低，但药企仍在继续推销，继续给开处方的医生回扣。

Attempts to crack down on prescriptions⁵ have helped,

尽管打击处方医生乱开药的措施起到了一定作用，

but Americans are still prescribed far more opioids than anyone else in the world—

但美国开出的阿片类止痛药数量仍然远超世界其他国家——

enough for almost every adult in the country to have their own bottle of pills.

其数量足以让每个成年人都分到一瓶。

Political efforts in Washington have also been insufficient⁶.

目前，政府在这方面采取的措施仍显不够。

In October, the White House declared a public-health emergency, but did not grant any additional money for the crisis.

10月份，白宫虽然宣布了一项突发性公共卫生事件，但并没有为此次危机提供任何额外的资金。

The position of drug czar remains⁷ unfilled, and a limit on Medicaid reimbursements⁸ for large facilities remains in place,

缉毒专员的虚席仍有待补上，医疗补助计划对大型设施的补偿限额也仍然存在，

though the President’s own opioid commission suggested that lifting it would be "the single fastest way to increase treatment availability across the nation."

尽管总统自己的阿片类药物委员会认为放宽政策是“唯一一个能够最快速度提高全国就医机会的办法”。

This issue of TIME, the first in our 95-year history devoted⁹ to the work of a single photographer, is an effort to go beyond charts and policy.

本期《时代》周刊，创刊95年来我们首次选用了同一摄影师的摄影作品，宗旨就在于突破条条框框。

Over more than three decades, James Nachtwey has photographed war, famine and terror around the world for TIME.

三十多年的时间里，詹姆斯·纳赫特威一直奔波于世界各地，为本刊拍摄战争、饥荒和恐怖活动等主题的素材。

He was at the Twin Towers as they crumbled¹⁰ on Sept.11 and in Baghdad as American tanks rolled in.

911事件发生时，他就在双子塔里，而我们国家的坦克开进巴格达时他也在现场。

His haunting images of withered¹¹ bodies in Somalia put a spotlight¹² on starvation there, helping¹³ save 1.5 million people.

他在索马里拍摄的那些枯萎的尸体至今令人难以忘怀，正是他的那些照片让人们开始关注那里的饥饿问题，从而拯救了150万人的性命。

Nachtwey goes where others desperately¹⁴ try to flee,

越是别人拼命想要逃离的地方，越是纳赫特威要去的地方，

enduring gunfire and grenades out of the belief that the only way to stop the suffering is by bearing witness to it.

他甘愿冒着枪声和炸弹，因为他坚信，唯有亲眼见证，方能摆脱苦难。

Last year, we asked Nachtwey to bear witness to a pressing human crisis in his home country.

去年，我们邀请纳赫特威来见证发生在他祖国的一起迫在眉睫的人类危机。

He and TIME’s Paul Moakley spent months on the streets of Boston and San Francisco,

他和本刊的保罗·莫克利花了好几个月的时间在波士顿和旧金山的街头调查，

on patrol with first responders in Ohio, New Mexico and West Virginia,

还与俄亥俄州，新墨西哥州和西弗吉尼亚州的救援人员一起巡逻，

inside jail cells in Kentucky, funerals in New Hampshire and prayer meetings in Massachusetts.

进肯塔基州的监狱牢房，甚至还参加过新罕布什尔州的葬礼和马萨诸塞州的祷告会。

In all, they made thousands of pictures and videos and conducted more than 200 interviews.

最后，他们拍摄了数千张照片和视频，采访次数累计200多次。

On the pages that follow, Nachtwey’s images are paired with voices and stories from the people on the front lines.

接下来的内容是纳赫特威拍摄的照片以及一线工作人员的讲述。

The result is a human accounting¹⁵ of the toll¹⁶ opioids are taking on American life, the people behind the statistics.

合起来就是一个讲述阿片类药物如何破坏美国人的生活以及数据背后的人的故事。

1 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。

2 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

3 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

4 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

5 prescriptions   

药( prescription的名词复数 )； 处方； 开处方； 计划

参考例句：

• The hospital of traditional Chinese medicine installed a computer to fill prescriptions. 中医医院装上了电子计算机来抓药。
• Her main job was filling the doctor's prescriptions. 她的主要工作就是给大夫开的药方配药。

6 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。

7 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

8 reimbursements   

n.偿还( reimbursement的名词复数 )；退款；补偿；赔偿

参考例句：

• We had to put in for the food reimbursements again. 我们不得不再次申请食物赔偿。 来自互联网
• Have you figured up the total of the reimbursements I gave you? 你有没有把我给你的报销账目全部加总了呢？ 来自互联网

9 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

10 crumbled   

（把…）弄碎， （使）碎成细屑( crumble的过去式和过去分词 )； 衰落； 坍塌； 损坏

参考例句：

• He crumbled the bread in his fingers. 他用手指把面包捻碎。
• Our hopes crumbled when the business went bankrupt. 商行破产了，我们的希望也破灭了。

11 withered   

adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• The grass had withered in the warm sun. 这些草在温暖的阳光下枯死了。
• The leaves of this tree have become dry and withered. 这棵树下的叶子干枯了。

12 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

13 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

14 desperately   

adv.极度渴望地，绝望地，孤注一掷地

参考例句：

• He was desperately seeking a way to see her again.他正拼命想办法再见她一面。
• He longed desperately to be back at home.他非常渴望回家。

15 accounting   

n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表

参考例句：

• A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
• There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。

16 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。