时代周刊 科学家们还是有望根治艾滋病(1)

There is no cure for HIV—but scientists may be getting closer

科学家们虽然无法根治艾滋病- 但希望还是有的

By Alice Park

文/爱丽斯·帕克

CURE ISN’T A WORD NORMALLY USED IN THE CONTEXT OF AIDS.

“根治”一词通常不适用于艾滋病这一语境。

For most of the 35 years since HIV, the virus responsible for the disease, was first identified,

自艾滋病病毒，也即诱发艾滋病的病毒，被首次发现以来的35年间，

doctors have viewed the notion of a cure as more fantasy than fact.

大部分时间医生们都认为根治艾滋病的概念更像是一种幻想而非事实。

That’s because HIV is a virus unlike any other.

这是因为艾滋病病毒不同于其他任何一种病毒。

It disables the very immune cells that are supposed to destroy it and also sequesters¹ itself in the body’s cells,

它能摧毁原本应该反过来摧毁它的免疫细胞，然后将自身隔离在人体的细胞中，

staging the ultimate deadly ambush² whenever the immune defense’s guard comes down, months or sometimes even years later.

准备着发动最后的致命伏击，只等免疫系统受损，无论是数月之后还是数年之后。

Yet for the first time in the HIV epidemic³ that currently affects nearly 37 million people worldwide,

然而，就在目前影响着全世界近3700万人的这一流行病领域，

some experts are starting to aim for a cure—cautiously—as they fashion the next generation of HIV treatments.

一些专家率先开始了 - 谨慎地开始了- 艾滋病的根治研究，研制出了新一代艾滋病疗法。

Scientists now understand how HIV burrows⁴ itself inside cells and remains⁵ cloaked from the immune system’s watchful⁶ gaze—

科学家们现在明白了艾滋病病毒是如何隐藏在细胞内，躲过免疫系统的巡视的——

and they have some ideas about how to expose and annihilate⁷ it.

也有了一些关于如何暴露并消灭它的想法。

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is funding HIV cure efforts based on this new knowledge,

美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）目前正在资助一个基于这一认识研发根治艾滋病方案的项目，

and advocacy groups like amfAR are also pouring resources into not just treating HIV, but also finding ways to eradicate⁸ it completely.

此外，amfAR等游说团体也开始为艾滋病日常治疗以及寻求彻底根除艾滋病病毒的项目提供资源方面的大力支持。

"Absolutely HIV can be cured,” says Rowena Johnston, vice⁹ president and director of research for amfAR. "The bazillion-dollar question is how."

“艾滋病是可以根治的，这一点是毫无疑问的，”amfAR副总裁兼研究主任罗威娜·约翰斯顿说到。“关键是如何根治。”

Doctors today have no trouble keeping HIV under control in people who are infected, thanks to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs,

今天的医生可以毫不费劲地控制住艾滋病患者的病情，多亏了抗反转录病毒药物的发明，

which stop the virus from replicating¹⁰ once it finds its way inside healthy cells.

这种药能够阻止进入健康细胞的病毒进行复制。

If it is not making more copies of itself, HIV cannot spread to infect new cells.

如果不能复制出更多病毒，艾滋病病毒就无法扩散感染新细胞。

That translates into healthier, longer lives for people who are HIV-positive.

这就意味着艾滋病毒阳性患者能生活地更健康、更长寿。

Yet as powerful as the current drug treatments are, they need to be taken daily to keep the virus suppressed,

然而，尽管目前的药物治疗已经非常强大了，患者还是需要每天服用才能控制住病情，

and they can’t actually rid the body of infected cells.

这些药也并不能帮他们摆脱被感染的细胞。

For selfpreservation, some HIV does not actively¹¹ pump out more copies of itself, but instead lies dormant¹² inside certain immune cells.

为了自我保护，一些艾滋病毒并不会主动进行复制，而是在某些免疫细胞内保持休眠状态。

"The drugs are remarkably¹³ good at stopping the virus from replicating,”

“这些药物阻止病毒复制的效果非常好，”

says Dr. Robert Siliciano, professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, who first identified these sleeping virus reservoirs.

约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院医学教授罗伯特·希利西亚努博士说，就是他率先发现了这些休眠病毒的。

"The problem is that there is also a form of HIV that is not replicating and is latent, that is not affected¹⁴ by the drugs and not seen by the immune system."

“问题是，还有一种艾滋病病毒是潜伏在细胞内而不复制的，这种病毒是药物影响不到，免疫系统也察觉不到的。”

These are the viruses that come roaring back when people stop taking their medications, or take them erratically¹⁵.

患者停止服用药物或服用药物不规律时，这些病毒就会卷土重来。

1 sequesters   

v.使隔绝，使隔离( sequester的第三人称单数 )；扣押

参考例句：

• The dentist sequesters the tooth he is working on. 牙科医生把他正研究的牙齿隔开了。 来自互联网

2 ambush   

n.埋伏(地点)；伏兵；v.埋伏；伏击

参考例句：

• Our soldiers lay in ambush in the jungle for the enemy.我方战士埋伏在丛林中等待敌人。
• Four men led by a sergeant lay in ambush at the crossroads.由一名中士率领的四名士兵埋伏在十字路口。

3 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

4 burrows   

n.地洞( burrow的名词复数 )v.挖掘（洞穴），挖洞( burrow的第三人称单数 )；翻寻

参考例句：

• The intertidal beach unit contains some organism burrows. 潮间海滩单元含有一些生物潜穴。 来自辞典例句
• A mole burrows its way through the ground. 鼹鼠会在地下钻洞前进。 来自辞典例句

5 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

6 watchful   

adj.注意的，警惕的

参考例句：

• The children played under the watchful eye of their father.孩子们在父亲的小心照看下玩耍。
• It is important that health organizations remain watchful.卫生组织保持警惕是极为重要的。

7 annihilate   

v.使无效；毁灭；取消

参考例句：

• Archer crumpled up the yellow sheet as if the gesture could annihilate the news it contained.阿切尔把这张黄纸揉皱，好象用这个动作就会抹掉里面的消息似的。
• We should bear in mind that we have to annihilate the enemy.我们要把歼敌的重任时刻记在心上。

8 eradicate   

v.根除，消灭，杜绝

参考例句：

• These insects are very difficult to eradicate.这些昆虫很难根除。
• They are already battling to eradicate illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.他们已经在努力消灭疟疾、破伤风等疾病。

9 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

10 replicating   

复制( replicate的现在分词 )； 重复； 再造； 再生

参考例句：

• Applications create these partitions for storing and replicating data. 应用程序创建这些分区用来储存和复制数据。
• The closest real things to these creatures were bits of self-replicating RNA. 最贴近这些造物的实物是能做一点微不足道的自复制的核糖核酸。

11 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

12 dormant   

adj.暂停活动的；休眠的；潜伏的

参考例句：

• Many animals are in a dormant state during winter.在冬天许多动物都处于睡眠状态。
• This dormant volcano suddenly fired up.这座休眠火山突然爆发了。

13 remarkably   

ad.不同寻常地，相当地

参考例句：

• I thought she was remarkably restrained in the circumstances. 我认为她在那种情况下非常克制。
• He made a remarkably swift recovery. 他康复得相当快。

14 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

15 erratically   

adv.不规律地，不定地

参考例句：

• Police stopped him for driving erratically. 警察因其驾驶不循规则而把他拦下了。 来自辞典例句
• Magnetitite-bearing plugs are found erratically from the base of the Critical Zone. 含磁铁岩的岩栓不规则地分布于关键带的基底以上。 来自辞典例句