时代周刊 科学家们还是有望根治艾滋病(2)

But in the latest report presented this month at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Boston,

然而，本月在波士顿举行的逆转录病毒和机会性感染会议上提交的最新报告中，

researchers revealed the strongest evidence yet that these latent viruses can be activated¹ and eliminated, at least in animals.

研究人员给出了目前为止表明这些潜伏病毒，至少在动物身上，可以被激活也可以被消除的最强有力的证据。

In a study involving a form of HIV that infects monkeys,

在一项针对感染了艾滋病病毒的猴子的研究中，

Dr. Dan Barouch and his colleagues at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School

丹·伯鲁克博士和他在贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心和哈佛医学院的同事通过研究

showed that a drug that stimulates² the immune system and activates³ the dormant⁴ HIV,

表明一种能够刺激免疫系统并激活潜伏的艾滋病病毒的药物，

combined with a powerful antibody that can neutralize⁵ the HIV-infected cells,

配合一种可以中和感染了艾滋病毒的细胞的强大抗体，

prevented HIV from surging back in five of 11 animals, six months after they stopped taking ARVs.

成功阻止了11只动物中的5只体内的艾滋病毒在其停止服用抗逆转录病毒药物六个月后重新发作。

In the monkeys whose HIV did return, the virus levels were 100 times lower than they were in animals that were not treated at all.

而那些确实复发的猴子体内的病毒水平也已经降到了完全没有接受治疗的动物的1/100。

"I think our data raises the possibility that an intervention⁶ achieving a functional⁷ cure is possible,” says Barouch.

“我认为，我们的数据使干预措施实现功能性治愈成为了可能，”伯鲁克说到。

"It shows a level of potential efficacy, at least in animals, that to the best of my knowledge hasn’t been seen before."

表明了一定程度的潜在的，至少在动物身上具有的功效，而这种功效是目前为止我还从未见过的。”

The fact that nearly half of the animals did not show the typical spike⁸ in HIV that normally comes within two weeks of stopping anti-HIV drugs suggests

近一半的动物都没有出现停止抗HIV药物后的两周内通常会出现的艾滋病病毒感染率明显陡增这一事实也表明，

that Barouch’s so-called "shock and kill” approach may be effectively targeting that elusive⁹ reservoir of dormant virus.

伯鲁克所谓的“激活并杀死”的方法或许真的有效地对准了那些神出鬼没的潜伏病毒。

It’s a promising¹⁰ step toward the next frontier in HIV treatment:

可以说这是朝着艾滋病治疗的下一个前沿迈出了充满希望的一步，

ridding people of the virus and, potentially, their lifelong dependence¹¹ on ARV drugs.

驱除患者体内的病毒，甚至有望斩断大家对抗逆转录病毒药物的终身依赖。

The method hasn’t yet been tested in humans, and a cure is likely still years in the making.

该治疗目前尚未进行人体测试，治愈可能还需要数年时间。

But there is hope.

不过，希望仍在。

In the epidemic’s history, one person is believed to have been cured of HIV.

在该流行病的历史中，据说有一个患者的艾滋病是被治愈了的。

Timothy Ray Brown, an American who is now 52, was studying in Berlin in 1995 when he tested positive for HIV.

现年52岁的美国人蒂莫西·雷·布朗1995年在柏林学习，当时他被诊断出艾滋病毒检测呈阳性。

He kept his virus under control with a combination of ARVs for about 10 years,

他用各种抗逆转录病毒药物将自己的病情控制了将近10年时间，

until he was hit with another devastating¹² diagnosis¹³: leukemia, which his doctors believed was not related to his HIV.

直到他接到了另一个毁灭性的诊断：白血病，但他的医生认为该病与他的艾滋病毒无关。

To treat the cancer, Brown took chemotherapy

为了治疗癌症，布朗接受了化疗

and had two bone marrow¹⁴ transplants to replace the malignant¹⁵ cells in his blood and immune system.

并进行了两次骨髓移植，以替换血液和免疫系统中的感染细胞。

His doctor, who was aware of Brown’s HIV status, had the foresight¹⁶ to find a special donor¹⁷ for Brown

他的医生，对布朗的艾滋病病毒感染状况了然于胸，颇有远见地为布朗找到了一位特殊的捐赠者，

who carried a mutation¹⁸ that would make it impossible for HIV to infect his newly transplanted cells.

该捐赠者携带了一种突变，HIV无法感染他新移植的细胞。

Brown stopped taking ARVs when he received the bone marrow transplants, and more than a decade later, no test has found any active HIV in Brown.

布朗接受了骨髓移植手术后便停止服用抗逆转录病毒药物了，十多年后，布朗体内也没有检测到任何活跃的艾滋病毒。

1 activated   

adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The canister is filled with activated charcoal.蒸气回收罐中充满了活性炭。

2 stimulates   

v.刺激( stimulate的第三人称单数 )；激励；使兴奋；起兴奋作用，起刺激作用，起促进作用

参考例句：

• Exercise stimulates the body. 运动促进身体健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Alcohol stimulates the action of the heart. 酒刺激心脏的活动。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

3 activates   

使活动，起动，触发( activate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Activates the window and displays it in its current size and position. 激活窗口，保持当前的大小及位置不变。
• Pulling out the alarm switch activates alarm and pushing it deactivates it. 闹钟的开和关是通过拔出和按入闹铃开关实现的。

4 dormant   

adj.暂停活动的；休眠的；潜伏的

参考例句：

• Many animals are in a dormant state during winter.在冬天许多动物都处于睡眠状态。
• This dormant volcano suddenly fired up.这座休眠火山突然爆发了。

5 neutralize   

v.使失效、抵消，使中和

参考例句：

• Nothing could neutralize its good effects.没有什么能抵消它所产生的好影响。
• Acids neutralize alkalis and vice versa.酸能使碱中和碱，亦能使酸中和。

6 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

7 functional   

adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的

参考例句：

• The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
• The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

8 spike   

n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效

参考例句：

• The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
• They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。

9 elusive   

adj.难以表达(捉摸)的；令人困惑的；逃避的

参考例句：

• Try to catch the elusive charm of the original in translation.翻译时设法把握住原文中难以捉摸的风韵。
• Interpol have searched all the corners of the earth for the elusive hijackers.国际刑警组织已在世界各地搜查在逃的飞机劫持者。

10 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

11 dependence   

n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属

参考例句：

• Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。
• He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。

12 devastating   

adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的

参考例句：

• It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
• Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。

13 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

14 marrow   

n.骨髓；精华；活力

参考例句：

• It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了，他感到寒冷刺骨。
• He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。

15 malignant   

adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的

参考例句：

• Alexander got a malignant slander.亚历山大受到恶意的诽谤。
• He started to his feet with a malignant glance at Winston.他爬了起来，不高兴地看了温斯顿一眼。

16 foresight   

n.先见之明，深谋远虑

参考例句：

• The failure is the result of our lack of foresight.这次失败是由于我们缺乏远虑而造成的。
• It required a statesman's foresight and sagacity to make the decision.作出这个决定需要政治家的远见卓识。

17 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

18 mutation   

n.变化，变异，转变

参考例句：

• People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
• So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止，严格来讲，讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。