时代周刊:传统黑人院校重获新生(2)

But in this community, the election of Donald Trump¹ also factors—and not only as a target of student protests.

但在华盛顿区，特朗普的当选也起了一定的作用——不仅仅是作为学生抗议的目标。

The President, who exit polls showed carried only 8% of the African-American vote in 2016,

这位总统——投票后的民调显示，2016年时他在非裔选民中间的支持率仅为8%——

famously hosted a Oval Office photo op with the leaders of HBCUs,

在他的办公室举办了一场著名的与HBCUs领导人合影的合影活动，

which rely on federal funding for a significant portion of their budgets.

而这次活动的预算很大程度上依靠的都是联邦资金。

And with both houses of Congress being controlled by Republicans,

由于国会两院都在共和党的控制之下，

administrators² and supporters have been obliged to balance the energy of resurgent student activism

这些院校的管理层和支持者便有义务平衡复兴的学生运动的活力

with the continuing practical needs of an educational institution.

和教育机构持续的现实需求。

"It is a dual-edged sword," says Crystal de Gregory,

“这是一把双刃剑，”肯塔基州立大学

director of Kentucky State University's Atwood Institute for Race, Education and the Democratic Ideal.

阿特伍德种族、教育和民主理想研究所所长克里斯特尔·德·格雷戈里说道。

STARTED AFTER THE Civil War in the basements of churches, old schoolhouses and cabins,

这些传统黑人院校始建于内战结束后，一开始是在教堂的地下室，旧校舍或者小木屋办学，

HBCUs were the first institutions dedicated³ to the education of former slaves and free black people.

但它们是最早致力于教育前奴隶和自由黑人的机构。

From their modest beginnings, they have produced alumni who transformed America, from W.E.B. Du Bois to Thur good Marshall.

最初默默无闻的他们逐渐培养出了W.E.B.杜波依斯，图尔·古德·马歇尔那样一代又一代改变了美国命运的校友。

In the early 1960s, HBCU students played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement.

上世纪60年代初，HBCU的学生们还在当时的民权运动中发挥了中流砥柱的作用。

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating⁴ Committee, which fought segregation⁵,

反抗种族隔离的学生非暴力协调委员会，

was formed after a conference of 300 students at North Carolina's Shaw University.

就是在北卡罗莱纳州肖大学的300名学生举行了一次大会后成立的。

Four students at North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro launched the sit-in movement at a nearby lunch counter.

格林斯博罗的北卡罗来纳农工州立大学的四名学生在附近的一个便餐馆发起了静坐运动。

Congressman⁶ John Lewis, then a student at Fisk University in Tennessee,

现任国会议员约翰·刘易斯当时还是田纳西州菲斯克大学的一名学生，

was one of the original 1961 Freedom Riders, who galvanized civil rights protests across the nation.

就已经加入了1961年最早的一批“自由乘车者”组织，该组织后来发起了一场全国性的民权抗议运动。

But as major universities desegregated, competition for students grew, leading to declining enrollment⁷ at HBCUs.

然而，随着各大高校陆续取消了种族隔离制度，高校之间对学生的竞争便愈来愈激烈，以致于HBCUs院校的招生人数不断下降。

This posed a challenge for the schools, which rely disproportionately on tuition for their operations.

由于这些学校的运作严重依赖于学生的学费，招生人数的下降便给它们带来了一个不小的难题。

Small endowments, drops in philanthropy and low investment also exacerbated⁸ financial woes⁹.

收到的捐赠金额有限、慈善事业的下滑和投资的减少也加剧了这些院校的经济危机。

Because HBCUs are reliant on federal funding, small changes in Washington can hurt on campus.

由于HBCUs还依赖着联邦的资助，华盛顿稍有风吹草动，这些学校就可能要承受巨大的损失。

In 2011, the Obama Administration altered the credit underwriting requirements for Parent PLUS college loans,

比如，2011年，奥巴马政府变更了对父母贷款的信贷担保要求，

making it harder for many families to qualify.

以致于许多家庭都更难贷到款了。

Black institutions were hit particularly hard—overall, HBCUs lost an estimated $150 million by 2013, before the policy was reversed.

黑人院校因此受到的打击尤其严重——据估算，2013年政策逆转之前，HBCUs整体亏损高达1.5亿美元左右。

Those challenges have not stopped students from seeking out black college experiences.

然而，这些挑战并没有阻止学生们继续追随黑人大学。

In the wake of highly publicized anti-discrimination protests at the University of Missouri in 2015, applications spiked¹⁰ at many HBCUs,

据迪拉德大学校长Walter Kimbrough透露，2015年，密苏里大学爆发了声势浩大的反歧视抗议运动，

according to Dillard University president Walter Kimbrough.

之后，许多HBCUs院校的申请人数都出现了激增。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 administrators   

n.管理者( administrator的名词复数 )；有管理（或行政）才能的人；（由遗嘱检验法庭指定的）遗产管理人；奉派暂管主教教区的牧师

参考例句：

• He had administrators under him but took the crucial decisions himself. 他手下有管理人员，但重要的决策仍由他自己来做。 来自辞典例句
• Administrators have their own methods of social intercourse. 办行政的人有他们的社交方式。 来自汉英文学 - 围城

3 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。

4 coordinating   

v.使协调，使调和( coordinate的现在分词 )；协调；协同；成为同等

参考例句：

• He abolished the Operations Coordinating Board and the Planning Board. 他废除了行动协调委员会和计划委员会。 来自辞典例句
• He's coordinating the wedding, and then we're not going to invite him? 他是来协调婚礼的，难道我们不去请他？ 来自电影对白

5 segregation   

n.隔离，种族隔离

参考例句：

• Many school boards found segregation a hot potato in the early 1960s.在60年代初，许多学校部门都觉得按水平分班是一个棘手的问题。
• They were tired to death of segregation and of being kicked around.他们十分厌恶种族隔离和总是被人踢来踢去。

6 Congressman   

n.（美）国会议员

参考例句：

• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
• The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。

7 enrollment   

n.注册或登记的人数；登记

参考例句：

• You will be given a reading list at enrollment.注册时你会收到一份阅读书目。
• I just got the enrollment notice from Fudan University.我刚刚接到复旦大学的入学通知书。

8 exacerbated   

v.使恶化，使加重( exacerbate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs. 这些症状可能会因为某些药物而加重。
• The drugs they gave her only exacerbated the pain. 他们给她吃的药只是加重了她的痛楚。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 woes   

困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉

参考例句：

• Thanks for listening to my woes. 谢谢您听我诉说不幸的遭遇。
• She has cried the blues about its financial woes. 对于经济的困难她叫苦不迭。

10 spiked   

adj.有穗的；成锥形的；有尖顶的

参考例句：

• The editor spiked the story. 编辑删去了这篇报道。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They wondered whether their drinks had been spiked. 他们有些疑惑自己的饮料里是否被偷偷搀了烈性酒。 来自辞典例句