时代周刊:贻害全球的保护主义(2)

Beyond that, rising trade tariffs¹ and protectionism will increase prices of imported products.

除此之外，贸易关税不断上涨，贸易保护主义不断强化还会抬高进口产品的价格。

This will undercut the actual value of wages' being forced higher by a relatively² closed economy with reduced movement of labor³.

这样一来，经济相对封闭、劳动力流动减少导致工资被迫上涨这一变化的实际意义就会打折。

According to the International Labour Organization,

而国际劳工组织的统计数据显示，

there are approximately 66 million people between the ages of 18 and 24 who are out of work around the world.

全球年龄在18~24岁之间的失业人员就有将近6600万。

That labor imbalance is particularly pronounced when you consider that there is an aging population in the West and Japan,

考虑到西方国家和日本存在老龄化问题，许多发展中国家25岁以下的人口比例却高达70%，

while across many developing nations as much as 70% of the population is under the age of 25.

这一劳动力不均衡的问题便显得尤为显著。

A global policy that targets an optimal⁴ migration⁵ level could help businesses tap the world's entire labor market for talent and workers—

面向最优移民水平的国际政策有助于企业利用全世界的劳动力市场招聘人才和员工——

and help stave off steep inflation in the future.

并在未来帮助避免出现急剧的通货膨胀。

The final shift is that governments will likely favor national champions—

最后一个转变是各国政府会变得倾向于青睐本土冠军企业——

companies that enjoy regulatory protections, tax breaks and subsidies⁶ that offer an advantage in their home markets against foreign competitors.

也就是那些享受着在国内市场为与外国企业竞争的本土企业创造优势的监管保护、税收优惠和税收补贴等政策扶持的企业。

What results are corporate⁷ monopolies rather than competitive markets,

这种转变带来的不是竞争性市场，而是企业垄断，

where the government becomes a bigger arbiter⁸ of who wins and who loses.

谁赢谁输的决定权很大程度上就落到了政府的手里。

Ultimately, these companies gain outsize pricing power,

这些本土冠军企业终将获得极大的定价权，

which promotes larger and less efficient companies while disadvantaging consumers.

他们不仅会提拔规模更大效率却更低的公司，还会将消费者置于不利处境。

PUBLIC POLICY has not allowed full globalization a genuine chance to “lift all boats.”

国家政策并没有给全面全球化一个真正去“普渡众生”的机会。

For example, U.S. politicians should have backed a big investment agenda in infrastructure⁹, schools and skills

举个例子，美国的政治家们本应该支持大力投资基础设施、学校和技能等领域，

to usher¹⁰ in a new economic era on the back of the wealth earned from globalization.

用全球化给他们带来的财富开创一个经济新时代。

Instead, it continued to provide low-interest loans to middle America, especially to support homeownership;

相反，它继续在走给中产阶级提供各种低息贷款，尤其是住房贷款的老路，

these debt programs gave people the illusion that their livelihoods¹¹ were improving

这些贷款则会给人们造成一种生活水平已经有所改善的错觉，

even as their wages were falling and debt obligations were rising.

而事实上，他们不仅工资在缩水，债务还在增加。

And politicians around the world should have ceded¹² real power and authority to global institutions, like the World Trade Organization,

此外，世界各地的政治家们本应把实权和权威都让给世贸组织这样的国际性机构，

which are still superseded¹³ by the policy agendas of national governments

事实上，这些机构反被各国政府的政策纲领顶替了，

and thus struggle to implement¹⁴ an agenda that benefits everyone across the earth.

因此，它们要推行一项惠及全球的议程会十分艰难。

While the current proposed protectionist policies are understandably appealing in the short term,

综上所述，从短期来看，当前提出的保护主义政策的确很有吸引力，

they stand to limit growth for companies and countries.

但它们终将限制企业和国家的发展。

Left unchecked, the result will be more destruction of the global economy and greater despair

任其发展，全球经济只会遭受更严重的破坏，

as well as unrest, conflict, corruption¹⁵ and a sense of utter hopelessness worldwide.

国际社会只会陷入更深的动荡、冲突、腐败，绝望和无助。

1 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

2 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

3 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

4 optimal   

adj.最适宜的；最理想的；最令人满意的

参考例句：

• What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么？
• Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。

5 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

6 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

8 arbiter   

n.仲裁人，公断人

参考例句：

• Andrew was the arbiter of the disagreement.安德鲁是那场纠纷的仲裁人。
• Experiment is the final arbiter in science.实验是科学的最后仲裁者。

9 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

10 usher   

n.带位员，招待员；vt.引导，护送；vi.做招待，担任引座员

参考例句：

• The usher seated us in the front row.引座员让我们在前排就座。
• They were quickly ushered away.他们被迅速领开。

11 livelihoods   

生计，谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者，他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小，他们的传统生计受到了威胁。

12 ceded   

v.让给，割让，放弃( cede的过去式 )

参考例句：

• Cuba was ceded by Spain to the US in 1898. 古巴在1898年被西班牙割让给美国。
• A third of the territory was ceded to France. 领土的三分之一割让给了法国。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 superseded   

[医]被代替的，废弃的

参考例句：

• The theory has been superseded by more recent research. 这一理论已为新近的研究所取代。
• The use of machinery has superseded manual labour. 机器的使用已经取代了手工劳动。

14 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

15 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。