时代周刊:病毒刚刚来袭 美国农村就已放松警惕(5)

But the virus spreads quietly.

然而，病毒还是悄悄地传播开了。

For many smaller counties, even a staggered "reopening" means the resumption of travel and commerce,

对许多小县而言，即便是错开“复工复产复学”节奏也意味着恢复旅游业和商业，

bringing goods, people and—quite possibly— coronavirus with them.

就会带来消费品，人，很有可能也会带来新冠病毒。

"Those areas have neighbors," said Lori Tremmel Freeman,

“那些地区周边也有社区，”

who heads the National Association of County and City Health Officials, "that may not be moving at the same pace."

美国县市卫生官员协会负责人洛里·特雷梅尔·弗里曼说，“他们就可能就不在一个频道上。”

Ultimately, the main infection route for rural America is coming from cities,

究其根本，美国农村的感染途径主要来自城市，

even smaller ones with fewer cases, as happened with Mangum and Tulsa.

即使是规模较小，病例也较少的小城市也不例外，比如曼古姆和塔尔萨这样的小城市。

To avoid a repeat of that, both urban and rural residents need to keep sacrificing,

为了避免重蹈覆辙，城乡居民都需继续做出一定牺牲，

says Bruce Dart¹, executive director of the Tulsa Health Department.

塔尔萨卫生部执行主任布鲁斯·达特说。

His own father, a 91-year-old Air Force veteran,

他自己的父亲，一位91岁的退伍空军士兵，

is struggling with the financial and psychological toll² of closing down the restaurant bar that he has spent decades building up.

开了一家已经经营了数十年的餐吧，如今，也陷入了歇业带来的经济损失和心理负担之下。

"It'd be breaking my heart to see my business, my livelihood³, go down the tubes," Dart says,

“看着我的生意，我的生计来源一落千丈我会很难过，”达特说，

but "once we open up, there will be a surge in cases, and as bad as the economic effects are, we can recover from that.

但“我们一旦营业，感染人数就会激增，（疫情给我们造成的）经济损失再大，我们也有东山再起的机会。

We can't recover from deaths."

命要是没了就真的没了。”

How long does rural America need to keep enforcing these measures to stay safe?

美国农村地区执行这些措施需要执行多久才能确保安全？

Government analysts⁴, epidemiologists and local health officials give different answers,

政府分析人士、流行病学家和当地卫生官员给出了不同的答案，

but all agree that the demographics and hollowed-out health systems of small counties mean there is a danger until there is a vaccine⁵.

但他们所有人都一致认为，小县的人口结构和漏洞百出的卫生系统意味着只要疫苗没有研制出来，这些地方就一直摆脱不了危险。

Nebraska should wait until at least early July to begin relaxing social-distancing guidelines or risk a second wave of infections,

从华盛顿大学健康指标和评估研究所的研究来看，内布拉斯加州至少要等到7月初才能开始放宽隔离限制，

according to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation⁶ at the University of Washington.

否则就会面临第二波感染风险。

The estimate for Kentucky, Idaho and Oklahoma hovers⁷ around mid-to-late June.

肯塔基州、爱达荷州和俄克拉何马州的预计放宽时间为6月中下旬左右。

But even then, relaxation⁸ of social distancing would come with conditions that could be impossible to implement⁹ in these areas:

然而，根据研究人员的说法，即便到了那时候，这些地方也根本无法满足放宽隔离限制的前提条件，

"containment¹⁰ strategies that include testing, contact tracing, isolation¹¹ and limiting gathering¹² size," according to the researchers.

即保障“检测、接触追踪、隔离和限制聚集规模等防控措施”的条件。

Public-health officials in some rural counties are worried they'll be drowned out if emotions overwhelm science before a second wave hits.

部分农村县的公共卫生官员担心，如果第二波疫情浪潮来袭之前情绪先压倒了科学，他们的立场就会被淹没。

In Bonner County, Idaho, Sheriff Daryl Wheeler released a letter on April 2

爱达荷州邦纳县警长达里尔·惠勒4月2日公开了一封信，

pressing Governor Little to call an emergency session of the state legislature

信的内容是敦促利特尔州长集结爱达荷州的立法机构召开紧急会议，

to assess whether public-health officials had deceived Americans about the severity of the pandemic.

评估公共卫生官员是否就大流行的严重性欺骗了美国民众。

"I do not believe suspending the Constitution was wise because COVID-19 is nothing like the plague," he wrote.

“我认为暂停宪法并非明智之举，因为新冠肺炎和瘟疫完全是两码事，”他写道。

In response, more than 320 county medical professionals published a letter in the local newspaper

随后，320多名县级医护人员也在当地报纸上发表了一封信，

asking people to "stay the course" and trust their health officials despite the apparent low rate of cases.

请求民众“坚持到底”，即便表面的感染比例仍比较低，也要相信他们的卫生官员（的劝诫）。

"Idaho has gone from less than 10 confirmed COVID-19 cases to over 1,000 cases in the last 20 days," they wrote.

“过去20天，爱达荷州的确诊人数就从不到10人增加到了1000人不止，”他们写道。

"Our regional ICU capacity is already stretched, and the pandemic has yet to fully¹³ penetrate¹⁴ our area.

“我们当地接待ICU病患的能力已经捉襟见肘了，问题是大流行还没有完全渗透我们这儿。

This is a health emergency!"

这就是卫生紧急事件！”

1 dart   

v.猛冲，投掷；n.飞镖，猛冲

参考例句：

• The child made a sudden dart across the road.那小孩突然冲过马路。
• Markov died after being struck by a poison dart.马尔科夫身中毒镖而亡。

2 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

3 livelihood   

n.生计，谋生之道

参考例句：

• Appropriate arrangements will be made for their work and livelihood.他们的工作和生活会得到妥善安排。
• My father gained a bare livelihood of family by his own hands.父亲靠自己的双手勉强维持家计。

4 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

5 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

6 evaluation   

n.估价，评价；赋值

参考例句：

• I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.我试图如实地评价我自己的一生。
• The new scheme is still under evaluation.新方案还在评估阶段。

7 hovers   

鸟( hover的第三人称单数 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫

参考例句：

• A hawk hovers in the sky. 一只老鹰在天空盘旋。
• A hen hovers her chicks. 一只母鸡在孵小鸡。

8 relaxation   

n.松弛，放松；休息；消遣；娱乐

参考例句：

• The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.部长一向反对法律上的任何放宽。
• She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。

9 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

10 containment   

n.阻止，遏制；容量

参考例句：

• Your list might include such things as cost containment,quality,or customer satisfaction.你的清单上应列有诸如成本控制、产品质量、客户满意程度等内容。
• Insularity and self-containment,it is argued,go hand in hand.他们争论说，心胸狭窄和自我封闭是并存的。

11 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

12 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

13 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

14 penetrate   

v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解

参考例句：

• Western ideas penetrate slowly through the East.西方观念逐渐传入东方。
• The sunshine could not penetrate where the trees were thickest.阳光不能透入树木最浓密的地方。