时代周刊:公司如何让黑客难以得逞（2）

Hydro switched over to manual operations for its most critical systems, relying on pen and paper and faxes to track its manufacturing and finances.

海德鲁公司将其最关键的系统改为手工操作，依靠纸笔和传真来跟踪其生产和财务状况。

Printed order forms, sticky notes on doors and blank computer screens, hours of manual labor¹ and bookkeeping,

通过打印的订单表格、贴在门上的便利贴、空白的电脑屏幕、数小时的手工劳动和簿记

helped keep the most essential orders fulfilled until computer access could be restored—partially—for mission-critical work.

完成了最重要的订单，直到计算机恢复部分访问以完成关键任务。

Manual production is by no means an optimal² solution, but it is better than a full shutdown of production facilities.

人工作业绝不是最优解决方案，但总比完全关闭生产设施要好。

Still, the incident cost Hydro an estimated $70 million, according to its 2019 fourth-quarter earnings³ report.

尽管如此，根据海德鲁2019年第四季度的收益报告，此次事故造成的损失估计为7000万美元。

To combat the attackers, meanwhile, Hydro CIO Jo De Vliegher, along with agencies including Microsoft's cybersecurity response team

与此同时，为了打击攻击者，海德鲁公司的首席信息官乔·德·德维利格与微软的网络安全响应团队，

and the Norwegian National Cyber Security Centre, set up teams to investigate the virus corruption⁴ and rebuild the network.

以及挪威国家网络安全中心等机构一起成立了团队，调查病毒破坏并重建网络。

That meant inspecting the accounts of more than 30,000 employees and even more service accounts.

这意味着要检查3万多名员工的账户，甚至更多的服务账户。

Essential systems, like manufacturing-specific software, had to be rebuilt over the course of about three weeks.

基本的系统，比如特定于生产的软件，必须在大约三周的时间内重建。

Restarting other systems, including the company's user directory, took as long as three months.

重启其他系统，包括该公司的用户目录，需要长达3个月的时间。

Rob Lee, CEO of cybersecurity firm Dragos, praised Hydro's handling of the situation:

网络安全公司Dragos的首席执行官罗伯·李赞扬了海德鲁公司对这一情况的处理：

"It was just extraordinarily⁵ transparent⁶. If you're impacting the public or the supply chain, it helps quell⁷ a lot of concerns and it's just really a good practice."

“非常透明。如果影响了公众或供应链，这种做法有助于消除很多担忧，真的处理得很好。”

Still, with the risk to the actual hackers⁹ being minimal—no one was arrested for the Hydro attack—and ransom¹⁰ payouts rising, it's a constant effort to stay ahead.

然而，黑客真正面临的风险微乎其微——没有人因海德鲁公司攻击事件而被捕——而且赎金支付也在上升，因此要保持领先地位需要不断努力。

"If a competent hacker⁸ really wants to get into a company, they will succeed no matter what," says De Vliegher.

德维利格表示：“如果一个有能力的黑客真的想进入一家公司，不管怎么样他们都会成功。

"We need to be perfect all the time. They just need to be lucky once, and sooner or later they might be lucky again."

我们需要时刻保持完美。他们只需要一次好运，迟早他们还会再幸运一次。”

1 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

2 optimal   

adj.最适宜的；最理想的；最令人满意的

参考例句：

• What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么？
• Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。

3 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

4 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

5 extraordinarily   

adv.格外地；极端地

参考例句：

• She is an extraordinarily beautiful girl.她是个美丽非凡的姑娘。
• The sea was extraordinarily calm that morning.那天清晨，大海出奇地宁静。

6 transparent   

adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的

参考例句：

• The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming.水清澈透明，可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
• The window glass is transparent.窗玻璃是透明的。

7 quell   

v.压制，平息，减轻

参考例句：

• Soldiers were sent in to quell the riots.士兵们被派去平息骚乱。
• The armed force had to be called out to quell violence.不得不出动军队来镇压暴力行动。

8 hacker   

n.能盗用或偷改电脑中信息的人，电脑黑客

参考例句：

• The computer hacker wrote that he was from Russia.这个计算机黑客自称他来自俄罗斯。
• This site was attacked by a hacker last week.上周这个网站被黑客攻击了。

9 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网

10 ransom   

n.赎金，赎身；v.赎回，解救

参考例句：

• We'd better arrange the ransom right away.我们最好马上把索取赎金的事安排好。
• The kidnappers exacted a ransom of 10000 from the family.绑架者向这家人家勒索10000英镑的赎金。