时代周刊:亚洲世纪之始(2)

As a result, the "Asian Century" has already begun, according to some measures:

结果，根据一些指标，“亚洲世纪”已经开始：

2020 was the first time in two centuries that Asian GDP, as a share of world GDP at purchasing-power parity¹, was higher than that of the rest of the world.

2020年是两个世纪以来亚洲GDP占世界GDP的比例(按购买力平价计算)首次高于世界其他地区的一年。

The historical importance of this evolution cannot be underestimated.

这一演变的历史重要性不容低估。

The last time Asia dominated the world economy was in the early 19th century, as the First Industrial Revolution got under way.

亚洲上一次主导世界经济是在19世纪初，当时第一次工业革命正在进行。

Today, at the dawn of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Asia is reconnecting with the dominant² position it held for millennia³.

今天，在第四次工业革命的曙光中，亚洲重新恢复了其数千年来的主导地位。

But how did China achieve this success?

但中国是如何取得这样的成功的呢？

The system that enabled it to leap ahead could be summarized as "state capitalism⁴."

使中国得以飞跃的体制可以概括为“国家资本主义”。

It is undeniably capitalist, as the private sector⁵ produces more than 60% of GDP in China.

不可否认，这是资本主义(小编特此声明：中国是社会主义国家)，因为在中国，私营部门生产了超过60%的GDP。

But the system is also state-dominated, as the state retains its primacy over other stakeholders in at least three ways.

但这个体系也是由国家主导的，因为国家至少在三个方面保持着对其他利益相关者的主导地位。

It keeps a strong hand in the distribution of both resources and opportunities. It can intervene in virtually any industry.

它在资源和机会的分配方面保持着强有力的地位。它几乎可以干预任何行业。

And it can direct the economy by means of large-scale infrastructure⁶, research and development, and education, health care or housing projects.

它可以通过大规模的基础设施、研发、教育、医疗或住房项目来指导经济。

This state capitalist system contrasts to the system of "shareholder⁷ capitalism" dominant in the U.S. and much of the Western world.

这种国家资本主义制度与在美国和大部分西方世界占主导地位的“股东资本主义”制度形成鲜明对比。

In that system, the interests of shareholders⁸ dominate over all others.

在这种制度下，股东的利益凌驾于所有其他利益之上。

Companies operate with the purpose of returning the highest possible dividends⁹ to shareholders.

公司的经营宗旨是尽可能地向股东返还最高的股息。

And, the theory goes, the invisible hand of the market ensures the outcomes for society are optimal¹⁰.

该理论认为，市场这只看不见的手确保了社会的结果是最优的。

In the 1980s and 1990s, shareholder primacy led to a long period of economic growth in the U.S. and turned it into the most prosperous nation on earth.

在20世纪80年代和90年代，股东至上导致美国经济长期增长，并使其成为世界上最繁荣的国家。

1 parity   

n.平价，等价，比价，对等

参考例句：

• The two currencies have now reached parity.这两种货币现已达到同等价值。
• Women have yet to achieve wage or occupational parity in many fields.女性在很多领域还没能争取到薪金、职位方面的平等。

2 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

3 millennia   

n.一千年，千禧年

参考例句：

• For two millennia, exogamy was a major transgression for Jews. 两千年来，异族通婚一直是犹太人的一大禁忌。
• In the course of millennia, the dinosaurs died out. 在几千年的时间里，恐龙逐渐死绝了。

4 capitalism   

n.资本主义

参考例句：

• The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功。
• Capitalism began to develop in Russia in the 19th century.十九世纪资本主义在俄国开始发展。

5 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

6 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

7 shareholder   

n.股东，股票持有人

参考例句：

• The account department have prepare a financial statement for the shareholder.财务部为股东准备了一份财务报表。
• A shareholder may transfer his shares in accordance with the law.股东持有的股份可以依法转让。

8 shareholders   

n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
• the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任

9 dividends   

红利( dividend的名词复数 )； 股息； 被除数； （足球彩票的）彩金

参考例句：

• Nothing pays richer dividends than magnanimity. 没有什么比宽宏大量更能得到厚报。
• Their decision five years ago to computerise the company is now paying dividends. 五年前他们作出的使公司电脑化的决定现在正产生出效益。

10 optimal   

adj.最适宜的；最理想的；最令人满意的

参考例句：

• What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么？
• Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。