世界节假日博览 第57期:世界唐氏综合症日

 　　World Down Syndrome¹ Day is on March the 21st every year. It is on this day because the number 21 is important in the identification of Down Syndrome. The condition is created by a 21st, extra chromosome² being replicated³ three times, thus causing the condition. The day is organized by Down Syndrome International (DSI), which runs different annual campaigns. DSI aims to create global awareness⁴ about Down Syndrome and encourage countries to help sufferers play a bigger role in their societies. DSI says sufferers are able to make significant contributions to society. Down Syndrome is common throughout the world. Estimates are that the incidence of the condition is over 1 per 1,000 births.

　　每年的3月21日为世界唐氏综合症日。选择该日期的原因对辨别唐氏综合症至关重要。该疾病是由于人体的第21对染色体的三体变异所造成的。该节日率先由唐氏综合症国际组织发起，该组织每年都会举办活动。它的目的是为了唤起全球对唐氏综合症的认识，并鼓励各个国家让病患在社会上发挥更大的作用。该组织称病患能够为社会做出杰出贡献。在全球，唐氏综合症非常普遍。有预测称，该疾病的患病率超过了千分之一。

　　Down Syndrome is a disorder⁵ of the chromosomes⁶. Most people have 20 chromosomes, but the presence of an extra 21st chromosome creates the disorder. It is named after the British doctor, John Langdon Down, who first described the syndrome in 1866. Sufferers experience a limitation in their cognitive⁷ ability and physical growth, as well as changes in their facial appearance. People with Down Syndrome range from having slight developmental disabilities to very serious mental disability. Down Syndrome also increases the risk of heart defects, kidney disease and insomnia⁸. Nowadays, loving care and good education can provide sufferers with a good quality of life and enable them to make valuable contributions to their fields of work.

　　唐氏综合症是染色体疾病。绝大多数人拥有20对染色体，然而多出的另一对染色体会导致该疾病的产生。该疾病是以英国医生唐·约翰·朗顿的名字命名的，1866年，他首先对这一病症进行了描述。病患的认知能力、身体发育以及面容都会受到限制。患有唐氏综合症的患者，有的发育迟缓，有的严重智障。该疾病还会增加患心脏缺陷、肾疾病以及失眠的风险。如今，关爱和教育能够为病患提供优质的生活，并帮助他们在自己的领域做出贡献。

　　1.cognitive ability 认识能力

　　例句：Creative thinking is based on ares cognitive ability and analytic⁹ ability.

　　创造思维是建立在良好的认知能力与分析概括能力的基础上的.

　　2.mental disability 智力残疾

　　例句：In many patients, the disease is accompanied by mental disability.

　　在许多患者中常伴有智力残疾.

　　3.enable to 使能够

　　例句：The vote will enable the Prime Minister to push through tough policies.

　　这次投票将使首相能够力行强硬政策。

　　4.encourage to 鼓励

　　例句：We want to encourage people to go fishing, not put them off.

　　我们希望鼓励人们去垂钓，而不是打消他们的热情。

1 syndrome   

n.综合病症；并存特性

参考例句：

• The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
• Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。

2 chromosome   

n.染色体

参考例句：

• Chromosome material with exhibits of such behaviour is called heterochromatin.表现这种现象的染色体物质叫做异染色质。
• A segment of the chromosome may become lost,resulting in a deletion.染色体的一个片段可能会丢失，结果产生染色体的缺失。

3 replicated   

复制( replicate的过去式和过去分词 )； 重复； 再造； 再生

参考例句：

• Later outplant the seedlings in a replicated permanent test plantation. 以后苗木出圃栽植成重复的永久性试验林。
• The phage has replicated and the donor cells have lysed. 噬菌体已复制和给体细胞已发生裂解。

4 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

5 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

6 chromosomes   

n.染色体( chromosome的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Chromosomes also determine the sex of animals. 染色体也决定动物的性别。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Each of four chromosomes divide longitudinally. 四种染色体的每一种都沿着纵向分裂。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 cognitive   

adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的

参考例句：

• As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
• The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。

8 insomnia   

n.失眠，失眠症

参考例句：

• Worries and tenseness can lead to insomnia.忧虑和紧张会导致失眠。
• He is suffering from insomnia.他患失眠症。

9 analytic   

adj.分析的，用分析方法的

参考例句：

• The boy has an analytic mind. 这男孩有分析的头脑。
• Latin is a synthetic language,while English is analytic.拉丁文是一种综合性语言，而英语是一种分析性语言。