世界节假日博览 第59期:世界防治结核病日

 　　World Tuberculosis¹ Day falls on March 24th each year. It is sponsored by the World Health Organisation². Its aim is to raise global awareness³ that tuberculosis is still an epidemic⁴ in many parts of the world. Many people in rich countries believe the disease has largely been wiped out. This is untrue. Tuberculosis (TB) kills over 1.6 million people each year. Almost all deaths are in the world’s poorest nations. March 24th is the day when Dr. Robert Koch made the discovery of the cause of tuberculosis in 1882. He identified the TB bacillus. In the late nineteenth century, TB was a major killer⁵, responsible for the deaths of 15 per cent of the populations of America and Europe. Dr. Koch's discovery helped find a cure for TB.

　　每年的3月24日为世界防治结核病日。该节日由世卫组织发起。该节日的目的是要提高人们对肺结核病的认识，在全球许多地区，肺结核依然猖獗。生活在发达国家的许多民众认为，肺结核已经在大部分地区消失。这并不真实。每年，因肺结核而死亡的人数超过了1600万。所有死亡病例几乎都发生在贫困国家。1882年的3月24日，罗伯特·科霍医生发现了肺结核病因。他发现了结核菌。19世纪晚期，肺结核成为了主要杀手，美国和欧洲人口的15%死于肺结核。科霍医生的发现有助于找到肺结核的治疗方法。

　　Tuberculosis is a disease that is spread through the air. It is preventable and curable, if people can get access to the right medicine. In rich countries, babies have injections to give them lifelong protection from TB. Babies in poorer countries are not as lucky. Over 1.5 million people died from TB in 2006. People who catch the disease have the TB bacillus in their lungs. They spread the disease when they cough, making it highly contagious⁶. The symptoms of tuberculosis are a terrible cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. The disease can also seriously affect other body organs. The WHO is working to halve⁷ the number of TB deaths by 2015.

　　肺结核通过空气传播。如果病患治疗得当，肺结核是完全可以预防和治愈的。在发达国家，婴儿会接种肺结核疫苗。而出生在贫困国家的婴儿就没有那么幸运了。2006年，有超过150万人死于肺结核。感染者的肺部会携带结核菌。咳嗽也能够传播疾病，这使得该疾病的传染率极高。肺结核症状有咳嗽、发烧、盗汗以及体重减轻。并对其他器官造成严重影响。到2015年，世卫组织希望将肺结核死亡人数减半。

　　1.weight loss 体重减轻

　　例句：Symptoms of the disease include fever and weight loss.

　　这种疾病的症状包括发烧和体重减轻。

　　2.night sweats 盗汗

　　例句：Will they be expecting stomach cramps⁸, acid reflux, night sweats?

　　那他们会期望肚子痛反酸盗汗吗 ?

　　3.wipe out 使灭绝

　　例句：The spill could wipe out the Gulf's turtle population.

　　这次原油泄漏可能会使波斯湾的海龟灭绝。

　　4.World Health Organisation 世界卫生组织

　　例句：He gave money to the World Health Organisation to help defeat smallpox⁹.

　　他向世界卫生组织提供资金以帮助消灭天花。

1 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

2 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

3 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

4 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

5 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

6 contagious   

adj.传染性的，有感染力的

参考例句：

• It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
• He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。

7 halve   

vt.分成两半，平分；减少到一半

参考例句：

• Let's halve the project between our two teams.让我们两个队平均分担这项工程吧。
• I'll halve expenses with you.我要跟你平均分摊费用。

8 cramps   

n. 抽筋, 腹部绞痛, 铁箍 adj. 狭窄的, 难解的 v. 使...抽筋, 以铁箍扣紧, 束缚

参考例句：

• If he cramps again let the line cut him off. 要是它再抽筋，就让这钓索把它勒断吧。
• "I have no cramps." he said. “我没抽筋，"他说。

9 smallpox   

n.天花

参考例句：

• In 1742 he suffered a fatal attack of smallpox.1742年，他染上了致命的天花。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child?你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？