万物简史 第244期:马斯特-马克的夸克(16)

 　　This uncertainty¹ applies, incidentally, to relatively² nearby things as much as to the distant edges of the universe. As Donald Goldsmith notes, when astronomers³ say that the galaxy⁴ M87 is 60 million light-years away, what they really mean ("but do not often stress to the general public") is that it is somewhere between 40 million and 90 million light-years away—not quite the same thing. For the universe at large, matters are naturally magnified. Bearing all that in mind, the best bets these days for the age of the universe seem to be fixed⁵ on a range of about 12 billion to 13.5 billion years, but we remain a long way from unanimity⁶.

　　顺便说一句，这种不确定状态适用于比较近的东西，也适用于遥远的宇宙边缘。当天文学家说M87星系在6000万光年以外的时候，正如唐纳德·戈德史密斯说的，他们其实是在说（但并不经常在公众面前强调）它大约在4 000万─9000万光年之间──二者不完全是一码事。大宇宙里的事情自然是被夸大的。有鉴于此，我们目前有关宇宙最好的估计似乎是120亿─135亿年之间，但距离意见一致还差得很远。

　　夸克

　　One interesting recently suggested theory is that the universe is not nearly as big as we thought, that when we peer into the distance some of the galaxies⁷ we see may simply be reflections, ghost images created by rebounded⁸ light.

　　近来有人提出了一种很有意思的理论，认为宇宙根本没有我们原来以为的那么大；我们凝望远方所看到的有些星系，也许只是映像，是反射的光产生的重像。

　　The fact is, there is a great deal, even at quite a fundamental level, that we don't know—not least what the universe is made of. When scientists calculate the amount of matter needed to hold things together, they always come up desperately⁹ short. It appears that at least 90 percent of the universe, and perhaps as much as 99 percent, is composed of Fritz Zwicky's "dark matter"—stuff that is by its nature invisible to us. It is slightly galling¹⁰ to think that we live in a universe that, for the most part, we can't even see, but there you are.

　　实际上，还有很多东西我们不知道，甚至在很基本的层面上──至少不知道宇宙是怎么构成的。当科学家们计算使东西保持在一起所需的物质的量的时候，结果总是发现远远不够。宇宙的至少90%，也许多达99%，似乎是由弗里茨·兹维基认为的“暗物质”组成的──那种生性我们看不见的东西。我们生活在一个多半连看都看不见的宇宙里，而却毫无办法，想到这一点真让人觉得有点儿不是滋味。

1 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

2 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

3 astronomers   

n.天文学者，天文学家( astronomer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Astronomers can accurately foretell the date,time,and length of future eclipses. 天文学家能精确地预告未来日食月食的日期、时刻和时长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings. 天文学家们过去一直感到奇怪，为什么只有土星有光环。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 galaxy   

n.星系；银河系；一群(杰出或著名的人物)

参考例句：

• The earth is one of the planets in the Galaxy.地球是银河系中的星球之一。
• The company has a galaxy of talent.该公司拥有一批优秀的人才。

5 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

6 unanimity   

n.全体一致，一致同意

参考例句：

• These discussions have led to a remarkable unanimity.这些讨论导致引人注目的一致意见。
• There is no unanimity of opinion as to the best one.没有一个公认的最好意见。

7 galaxies   

星系( galaxy的名词复数 )； 银河系； 一群（杰出或著名的人物）

参考例句：

• Quasars are the highly energetic cores of distant galaxies. 类星体是遥远星系的极为活跃的核心体。
• We still don't know how many galaxies there are in the universe. 我们还不知道宇宙中有多少个星系。

8 rebounded   

弹回( rebound的过去式和过去分词 )； 反弹； 产生反作用； 未能奏效

参考例句：

• The ball rebounded from the goalpost and Owen headed it in. 球从门柱弹回，欧文头球将球攻进。
• The ball rebounded from his racket into the net. 球从他的球拍上弹回网中。

9 desperately   

adv.极度渴望地，绝望地，孤注一掷地

参考例句：

• He was desperately seeking a way to see her again.他正拼命想办法再见她一面。
• He longed desperately to be back at home.他非常渴望回家。

10 galling   

adj.难堪的,使烦恼的,使焦躁的

参考例句：

• It was galling to have to apologize to a man she hated. 令人恼火的是得向她憎恶的男人道歉。
• The insolence in the fellow's eye was galling. 这家伙的傲慢目光令人恼怒。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹