万物简史 第257期:大地在移动(11)

 　　That explained where all the sediment¹ went. It was being returned to the bowels² of the Earth. It also explained why ocean floors everywhere were so comparatively youthful. None had ever been found to be older than about 175 million years, which was a puzzle because continental³ rocks were often billions of years old. Now Hess could see why. Ocean rocks lasted only as long as it took them to travel to shore. It was a beautiful theory that explained a great deal. Hess elaborated his ideas in an important paper, which was almost universally ignored. Sometimes the world just isn't ready for a good idea.

　　该学说解释了那么多沉积物的去向。原来，它源源不断地回到了地球的肚子里。该学说还说明了那里的海底都比较年轻的原因。人们发现，那里的海底年龄都不超过1.75亿年。这是个谜，因为大陆上的岩石年龄往往有几十亿年。现在，赫斯终于明白了，海底岩石的存在时间，只是它来到海边所花的时间。这是一种美好的理论，解释了不少事情。赫斯在一篇重要的论文里阐述了他的观点。但是，这些观点几乎没有引起广泛的重视。有时候，世界对好的见解确实缺乏思想准备。

　　地球磁场

　　Meanwhile, two researchers, working independently, were making some startling findings by drawing on a curious fact of Earth history that had been discovered several decades earlier. In 1906, a French physicist⁴ named Bernard Brunhes had found that the planet's magnetic field reverses itself from time to time, and that the record of these reversals is permanently⁵ fixed⁶ in certain rocks at the time of their birth. Specifically, tiny grains of iron ore within the rocks point to wherever the magnetic poles happen to be at the time of their formation, then stay pointing in that direction as the rocks cool and harden. In effect they "remember" where the magnetic poles were at the time of their creation. For years this was little more than a curiosity,

　　与此同时，有两位独立开展工作的研究人员，正利用几十年前已经发现的一个有意思的地球史实，获得一些惊人的结果。1906年，法国物理学家贝尔纳·布吕纳发现，这颗行星的磁场不时自行逆转，逆转的情况永久记录在某些正在形成的岩石里。具体来说，岩石里的铁矿石小粒子指向磁极，无论在它们形成之时磁极恰好在哪里，然后在岩石冷却和凝固的过程中永远指着那个方向。实际上，岩石“记住”了自己形成之时磁极的方向。多年来，人们只是觉得这很有意思。

1 sediment   

n.沉淀，沉渣，沉积(物)

参考例句：

• The sediment settled and the water was clear.杂质沉淀后，水变清了。
• Sediment begins to choke the channel's opening.沉积物开始淤塞河道口。

2 bowels   

n.肠，内脏，内部；肠( bowel的名词复数 )；内部，最深处

参考例句：

• Salts is a medicine that causes movements of the bowels. 泻盐是一种促使肠子运动的药物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The cabins are in the bowels of the ship. 舱房设在船腹内。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 continental   

adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。

4 physicist   

n.物理学家，研究物理学的人

参考例句：

• He is a physicist of the first rank.他是一流的物理学家。
• The successful physicist never puts on airs.这位卓有成就的物理学家从不摆架子。

5 permanently   

adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地

参考例句：

• The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
• The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。

6 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。