万物简史 第259期:大地在移动(13)

 　　One geologist¹ later described it as "probably the most significant paper in the earth sciences ever to be denied publication."

　　有一位地质学家后来把它描述成“很可能是有史以来被拒绝发表的最有意义的地球科学论文”。

　　At all events, mobile crust was an idea whose time had finally come. A symposium² of many of the most important figures in the field was convened³ in London under the auspices⁴ of the Royal Society in 1964, and suddenly, it seemed, everyone was a convert. The Earth, the meeting agreed, was a mosaic⁵ of interconnected segments whose various stately jostlings accounted for much of the planet's surface behavior.

　　无论如何，提出地壳移动的观点的时刻终于来到了。1964年，该领域许多最重要的人物出席了由英国皇家学会在伦敦主办的研讨会。突然之间，好像人人都改变了观点。会议一致认为，地球是一幅由互相连接的断片组成的镶嵌画。它们挤挤搡搡的样子说明了地球表面的许多现象。

　　地球表面图

　　The name "continental⁶ drift" was fairly swiftly discarded when it was realized that the whole crust was in motion and not just the continents, but it took a while to settle on a name for the individual segments. At first people called them "crustal blocks" or sometimes "paving stones." Not until late 1968, with the publication of an article by three American seismologists in the Journal of Geophysical Research , did the segments receive the name by which they have since been known: plates. The same article called the new science plate tectonics.

　　过不多久，“大陆漂移”的名字便被弃之不用，因为人们意识到，在移动的不光是大陆，而是整个地壳。但是，过了一段时间才为那些断片确定了名字。起先，人们称其为“地壳积木”，有时候还称其为“铺路石”。直到1968年末，三名美国地震学家在《地球物理研究杂志》发表了一篇论文，那些断片才从此有了现在的名字：板块。同一篇文章称这种新断片为“板块构造”。

　　Old ideas die hard, and not everyone rushed to embrace the exciting new theory. Well into the 1970s, one of the most popular and influential⁷ geological textbooks, The Earth by the venerable Harold Jeffreys, strenuously⁸ insisted that plate tectonics was a physical impossibility, just as it had in the first edition way back in 1924.

　　旧的思想很难咽气，不是人人都马上接受那种激动人心的新理论。直到20世纪70年代，一本深受欢迎而又影响很大的、由德高望重的哈罗德·杰弗里斯撰写的地质学教材，还像1924年初版时那样，坚持认为板块构造学说在物理上不能成立。

1 geologist   

n.地质学家

参考例句：

• The geologist found many uncovered fossils in the valley.在那山谷里，地质学家发现了许多裸露的化石。
• He was a geologist,rated by his cronies as the best in the business.他是一位地质学家，被他的老朋友们看做是这门行当中最好的一位。

2 symposium   

n.讨论会，专题报告会；专题论文集

参考例句：

• What have you learned from the symposium?你参加了这次科学讨论会有什么体会？
• The specialists and scholars present at the symposium come from all corners of the country.出席研讨会的专家学者们来自全国各地。

3 convened   

召开( convene的过去式 )； 召集； （为正式会议而）聚集； 集合

参考例句：

• The chairman convened the committee to put the issue to a vote. 主席召集委员们开会对这个问题进行表决。
• The governor convened his troops to put down the revolt. 总督召集他的部队去镇压叛乱。

4 auspices   

n.资助，赞助

参考例句：

• The association is under the auspices of Word Bank.这个组织是在世界银行的赞助下办的。
• The examination was held under the auspices of the government.这次考试是由政府主办的。

5 mosaic   

n./adj.镶嵌细工的，镶嵌工艺品的，嵌花式的

参考例句：

• The sky this morning is a mosaic of blue and white.今天早上的天空是幅蓝白相间的画面。
• The image mosaic is a troublesome work.图象镶嵌是个麻烦的工作。

6 continental   

adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。

7 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

8 strenuously   

adv.奋发地，费力地

参考例句：

• The company has strenuously defended its decision to reduce the workforce. 公司竭力为其裁员的决定辩护。
• She denied the accusation with some warmth, ie strenuously, forcefully. 她有些激动，竭力否认这一指责。