听力文摘：为什么盐会结块?

Why Salt Clumps²?

为什么盐会结块？

You probably noticed that sometimes the salt gets clumpy. If it's really humid outside—there may even be condensation³ on top of the salt shaker.

生活中，你可能发现盐有时会结块。如果室内很潮湿的话，在盐瓶上甚至会产生液滴。

The reason this happens is that salt is hygroscopic. Hygroscopic means that salt absorbs water vapor⁴ from the surrounding air.

产生这种现象的原因是：盐吸湿。吸湿的意思就是盐从周围空气中吸收水蒸气。

Eventually, the salt attracts enough water vapor that the gas changes into liquid, and the salt partially⁵ dissolves and starts to clump¹ together. To combat this tendency, manufacturers put additives⁶ in salt that keep it from liquefying.

最终，盐吸收了足够多的水蒸气后气体就会变成液体，盐就会局部溶解并结成一团。为了避免这种情况，生产商在盐中加了添加剂防止其溶解。

Sugar is hygroscopic, too. This is partly the reason cake doesn't go stale as quickly as bread. You see, when baked goods such as bread or cake lose water, the starch⁷ molecules⁸ in them undergo a chemical change that make them hard and stale.

糖也吸湿。这也是蛋糕比面包更难保鲜的部分原因。要知道，焙烤食品像面包或者蛋糕失去水分后，其淀粉分子就会发生一种化学变化使起变得坚硬，不新鲜。

But because cake contains more sugar than bread, and sugar is hygroscopic, it retains water better and stays fresh a little longer.

但是因为蛋糕中含有的糖分比面包多，糖又吸湿，蛋糕就保持了充足的水分，所以保鲜的时间长些。

This also explains why saltines and cookies get soft when they go stale instead of hard—because they're absorbing water from the air around them.

盐薄饼干和饼干不新鲜了就会变软儿不是变硬。因为它们吸收了周围空气里的水分。

1 clump   

n.树丛，草丛；vi.用沉重的脚步行走

参考例句：

• A stream meandered gently through a clump of trees.一条小溪从树丛中蜿蜒穿过。
• It was as if he had hacked with his thick boots at a clump of bluebells.仿佛他用自己的厚靴子无情地践踏了一丛野风信子。

2 clumps   

n.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的名词复数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的第三人称单数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声

参考例句：

• These plants quickly form dense clumps. 这些植物很快形成了浓密的树丛。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The bulbs were over. All that remained of them were clumps of brown leaves. 这些鳞茎死了，剩下的只是一丛丛的黃叶子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 condensation   

n.压缩，浓缩；凝结的水珠

参考例句：

• A cloud is a condensation of water vapour in the atmosphere.云是由大气中的水蒸气凝结成的。
• He used his sleeve to wipe the condensation off the glass.他用袖子擦掉玻璃上凝结的水珠。

4 vapor   

n.蒸汽，雾气

参考例句：

• The cold wind condenses vapor into rain.冷风使水蒸气凝结成雨。
• This new machine sometimes transpires a lot of hot vapor.这部机器有时排出大量的热气。

5 partially   

adv.部分地，从某些方面讲

参考例句：

• The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
• The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静，宵禁部分解除。

6 additives   

n.添加剂( additive的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• chemical additives in petrol 汽油中的化学添加剂
• It'says on the packet that these crisps contain no additives. 包装上说这些炸薯片不含添加剂。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 starch   

n.淀粉；vt.给...上浆

参考例句：

• Corn starch is used as a thickener in stews.玉米淀粉在炖煮菜肴中被用作增稠剂。
• I think there's too much starch in their diet.我看是他们的饮食里淀粉太多了。

8 molecules   

分子( molecule的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。