听力文摘：被纸划伤怎么如此疼痛?

Few minor¹ injuries are as painful as the dreaded² paper cut. Just thinking about it probably makes you cringe. However, these cuts are usually small, hardly noticeable, and rarely bleed. So what makes them so painful?

很少有一些小伤能够像被纸划伤那样让人疼痛和害怕。光是想一想可能就让你不寒而栗了。然而，这种划伤通常伤口很小、很难被察觉到并且不怎么会流血。那为什么被纸划伤会这么疼呢？

A paper cut is similar to a cut with a razor blade, with one major difference. A razor blade makes a smooth, clean incision³ in the skin, leaving behind few if any foreign particles that might cause the wound to become infected. Although it might hurt initially⁴, the pain brought on by a small razor cut usually fades after a few minutes.

被纸划伤跟被剃须刀片划伤很像，但是有一点不同。剃须刀片造成的伤口较为平整，几乎不会留下任何会导致伤口感染的异物。虽然刚被剃须刀片划伤的时候很疼，但是过几分钟疼痛感就会慢慢消退。

Like a superficial cut by a razor blade, a paper cut smoothly⁵ parts the skin, but while a clean razor leaves little behind to irritate the wound, a paper cut deposits material that really stings.

被纸划伤的伤口和剃须刀片造成的伤口一样，也很平整。但是干净的刀片不会留下任何物质去刺激伤口，而纸划伤口却会留下一些让人感到疼痛的物质。

Paper is made of pressed wood mulch, and a variety of chemicals. When paper cuts into the skin, chemical coated fibers⁶, as well as bacteria and tiny particles remain in the wound and stimulate⁷ pain receptors in the skin.

纸是由压缩木片和多种化学物质构成的。当纸划过皮肤时，化学涂层纤维、细菌和细小颗粒物就会留在伤口里，对皮肤里的痛觉感受器产生刺激。

Because the cut is usually small and shallow, the skin on either side of the wound closes quickly, trapping the fibers and other particles inside. The result is a good deal of pain, and since the closed wound doesn’t allow for much bleeding, the pain seems entirely⁸ out of proportion to a cut that you can barely detect.

由于伤口通常很小且很浅，伤口会很快愈合，同时会把纤维和其他粒子留在伤口里面。所以，你才会感到十分疼痛，由于闭合的伤口几乎不会流血，所以说，即使伤口小到你几乎察觉不到，但是伤口造成的疼痛感却是要人命的！

1 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

2 dreaded   

adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• The dreaded moment had finally arrived. 可怕的时刻终于来到了。
• He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. 他害怕非得在医院过圣诞节不可。 来自《用法词典》

3 incision   

n．切口，切开

参考例句：

• The surgeon made a small incision in the patient's cornea.外科医生在病人的眼角膜上切开一个小口。
• The technique involves making a tiny incision in the skin.这项技术需要在皮肤上切一个小口。

4 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

5 smoothly   

adv.平滑地，顺利地，流利地，流畅地

参考例句：

• The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作，所以工作进展顺利。
• Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。

6 fibers   

光纤( fiber的名词复数 )； （织物的）质地； 纤维，纤维物质

参考例句：

• Thesolution of collagen-PVA was wet spined with the sodium sulfate as coagulant and collagen-PVA composite fibers were prepared. 在此基础上，以硫酸钠为凝固剂，对胶原-PVA共混溶液进行湿法纺丝，制备了胶原-PVA复合纤维。
• Sympathetic fibers are distributed to all regions of the heart. 交感神经纤维分布于心脏的所有部分。

7 stimulate   

vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋

参考例句：

• Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
• Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

8 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。