听力文摘：生病的时候为何会脱水

When you have a cold or flu, the doctor (or Dr. Mom) may tell you to drink lots of fluids. But did they ever explain why you need to guzzle¹ all that water and juice? The extra fluid helps prevent dehydration², which can make you feel even worse, and make it harder to get well. If you have a runny nose, a feverish³ sweat, or vomiting⁴ and diarrhea, it may seem obvious why you'd need to drink more to replace those lost fluids. But these aren't the only reasons the body needs extra fluid when you're sick.

当你不幸患了感冒或流感时，医生（或者妈妈）可能会叮嘱你要多喝液体，但他们是否曾解释过为什么你要狂喝水和饮料？额外的液体可以避免脱水，一旦脱水你会感觉更糟，也更难康复。如果你出现流鼻涕、发烧出汗、或者呕吐腹泻等症状，显然你需要多喝液体以弥补身体失去的水分。但这些并非你生病时身体需要多补水的全部原因。

If you have a fever, that increase in body temperature increases your metabolism⁵–in other words, all the biochemical reactions that keep you alive speed up. A fever of 101 degrees Fahrenheit⁶ increases your body's metabolic⁷ rate by about 10%. What difference does that make?

若你发烧，体温的升高将加快你的新陈代谢，换句话说，所有维持生命的生化反应将加速。101华氏度的高烧将使身体的代谢速率增加百分之十。这又有什么分别呢？

Two key ingredients of metabolic reactions are water and oxygen. Increased metabolism uses more water and also makes you breathe faster, to supply the extra oxygen. And guess what? As you breathe faster, you breathe out more moisture, along with more carbon dioxide.

新陈代谢作用的两大主要成分是水和氧。新陈代谢加快需要更多的水，也使你呼吸加快以补充足够的氧。你猜接下来会怎么着？当你呼吸加快，你也将呼出更多的湿气和二氧化碳。

So even if you don't have symptoms that cause obvious water loss–like a runny nose, sweating, vomiting or diarrhea–a cold or flu can dehydrate⁸ you in hidden ways. Just a slight rise in body temperature requires more water for metabolic reactions and breathing.

即便你没有会引起明显失水的症状，如流鼻涕、出汗、呕吐和腹泻等，感冒或流感却以隐蔽的方式导致你脱水。哪怕是体温一丁点的升高都需要更多的水以维持加快的新陈代谢作用和呼吸。

On top of all that, when you're sick you just might not feel like eating or drinking as much as usual. That's why Mom keeps reminding you to drink your fluids!

除此之外，你生病时食欲可能不如平常，这也是妈妈一直提醒你喝水的原因！

1 guzzle   

v.狂饮，暴食

参考例句：

• Melissa had guzzled gin and tonics like they were lemonade.梅利莎像喝柠檬汽水一样大口地喝着加奎宁水的杜松子酒。
• Pigs guzzle their food.猪总是狼吞虎咽地吃东西。

2 dehydration   

n.脱水，干燥

参考例句：

• He died from severe dehydration.他死于严重脱水。
• The eyes are often retracted from dehydration.眼睛常因脱水而凹陷。

3 feverish   

adj.发烧的，狂热的，兴奋的

参考例句：

• He is too feverish to rest.他兴奋得安静不下来。
• They worked with feverish haste to finish the job.为了完成此事他们以狂热的速度工作着。

4 vomiting   

吐

参考例句：

• Symptoms include diarrhoea and vomiting. 症状有腹泻和呕吐。
• Especially when I feel seasick, I can't stand watching someone else vomiting." 尤其晕船的时候，看不得人家呕。”

5 metabolism   

n.新陈代谢

参考例句：

• After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食，卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
• All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。

6 Fahrenheit   

n./adj.华氏温度；华氏温度计(的)

参考例句：

• He was asked for the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit.他被问到水的沸点是华氏多少度。
• The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.寒暑表指出华氏80度。

7 metabolic   

adj.新陈代谢的

参考例句：

• Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
• A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。

8 dehydrate   

vt.使脱水

参考例句：

• People can very quickly dehydrate in the desert.人在沙漠里很快就会脱水。
• Without these structures, many warm-blooded animals would quickly dehydrate,especially in dry climates.没有这样的结构，许多温血动物将很快脱水，特别是在干燥的气候条件下。