听力文摘：积极的想法与豁达的心态

When you're in a stressful situation, are you confident or insecure?

当你身处压力时，你是自信满满还是不知所措？

Do you react positively¹ or negatively?

是行动更积极还是更消极？

The answer may depend in part on whom you're around.

答案或许有部分和你周围所处的环境有关，

A study by researchers at the University of Notre Dame² found that negative thinking, and depression stemming from it, can be contagious³ in certain circumstances.

圣母大学的研究者在一项研究中发现抑郁症源于消极的思维，在特定的情况下这种情绪会传染。

For example, the researchers studied 103 freshman⁴ college roommates who'd been paired randomly⁵.

例如，研究专家研究了103名同宿舍的大学新生并随机的进行了对比，

They measured each roommate's cognitive⁶ vulnerability, or tendency to succumb⁷ to negative thinking and depression.

他们测对了每队室友的认知弱点，或是对消极思维及抑郁妥协的倾向性，

Specifically, the researchers measured the subject's likelihood to see negative events as a reflection of their abilities and flaws.

特别是研究人员研究了这些新生把消极事件看成是反映自己能力和缺点的可能性。

After only six months, it became clear that thinking patterns and styles can be contagious.

仅仅在6个月之后，测试结果证明了人的思维模式及方式会传染。

Students paired with a negative-thinking roommate “caught” that style and became more depressed⁸ themselves.

在配比消极思维学生组测试中“捕捉到”的这种思维方式会让他们变得更加抑郁，

And students paired with more positive thinking roommates were more likely to become more positive in their thinking and report less depression.

而积极思维组学生的报告显示他们更加积极，较少抑郁。

Now college freshman are in a unique, life changing environment.

由于大学新生正处在一个特殊变化环境中，所以他们容易受到周围环境影响，

So they might be particularly susceptible⁹ to adopting the thought and behavior patterns of people around them —perhaps more so than people in less intense situations at other stages of life.

而愿意接受周围人的想法和行为模式，这或许比处于其他人生阶段，竞争环境更小的人表现的更加明显。

But maybe not. Other research has shown that, in general, people are affected¹⁰ by how those around them think.

其他研究学者的研究结果显示或许不是这样，但总体来讲，人是会受到身边朋友如何思考的影响，

So surrounding a negative, depressed person with people who think positively could be a powerful form of therapy.

所以，将消极抑郁的人放在积极乐观的人群之中被认为是一种功效强大的治疗方式。

1 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。

2 dame   

n.女士

参考例句：

• The dame tell of her experience as a wife and mother.这位年长妇女讲了她作妻子和母亲的经验。
• If you stick around,you'll have to marry that dame.如果再逗留多一会，你就要跟那个夫人结婚。

3 contagious   

adj.传染性的，有感染力的

参考例句：

• It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
• He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。

4 freshman   

n.大学一年级学生(可兼指男女)

参考例句：

• Jack decided to live in during his freshman year at college.杰克决定大一时住校。
• He is a freshman in the show business.他在演艺界是一名新手。

5 randomly   

adv.随便地，未加计划地

参考例句：

• Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内，分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
• Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句

6 cognitive   

adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的

参考例句：

• As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
• The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。

7 succumb   

v.屈服，屈从；死

参考例句：

• They will never succumb to the enemies.他们决不向敌人屈服。
• Will business leaders succumb to these ideas?商业领袖们会被这些观点折服吗？

8 depressed   

adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的

参考例句：

• When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
• His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。

9 susceptible   

adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

参考例句：

• Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
• We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。

10 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。