听力文摘：为什么昆虫的血是绿色的或是黄色的?

You've probably heard someone use the phrase “blood red,”but have you ever wondered if all blood really is red?

你可能听到有些人这样说“血红色”，但是你是否想过是不是所有的血都是红色的？

For example, think about the bugs² you'veseen splatter against your car's windshield, leaving behind a clear, yellowish, or greenish liquid. Thatliquid, is hemolymph, or insect blood.

举个例子，想一想你所见过的臭虫撞到你汽车的挡风玻璃上时，留下一滩清楚的，黄色或是绿色的液体。这种液体是昆虫的淋巴液，或许是昆虫的血。

The blood of an insect functions differently than the blood of a human.

昆虫血和人类的血在功能上大不相同。

In humans, blood gets itsred color from hemoglobin, which travels through blood vessels³ carrying oxygen from the lungsto the rest of the body.

对人类来说，血液之所以呈现红色是因为有血红蛋白，血红蛋白通过血管从肺部向全身各处运输氧气。

Insect blood, however, does not carry gasses and has no hemoglobin.

而对于昆虫来说，血液既不会运输任何气体，也没有血红蛋白，

Instead, bugs have a system of tubes that transport gasses directly between their cells and theoutside air.

相反地，昆虫的身体中有一个管路系统，可以直接在细胞核外界空气中进行气体运输。

In fact, insects don't even have blood vessels. Instead there is a hollow space inside their externalskeleton in which their blood oozes⁴ around.

事实上，昆虫甚至没有血管，取而代之的是外骨架内部的空洞，血液可以在周围渗出。

This cavity extends to the antennas⁵, legs, and wingveins.

这种腔体结构延伸至触角，腿和翅膀。

The bug¹'s heart, a long tube that stretches the length of its body, pushes the blood fromthe rear end of the insect on forward.

昆虫的心脏，一条绵延整个身体的长管子，将血液从身体的末端推到前面。

The bug may also have little hearts at the ends of itsextremities to help move the blood along.

昆虫在四肢处也可能有少许心脏来帮助血液流动。

Pumping blood is a slow process: it takes about eight minutes for an insect's blood to circulatecompletely.

泵血是一个缓慢的过程：昆虫全身血液完全循环一次大约需要八分钟。

Like human blood, bug blood carries nutrients⁶ and hormones⁷ to the insect's cells.

类似于人类血液，昆虫血液运载营养和激素到昆虫细胞中。

Thegreenish or yellowish color of insect blood comes from the pigments⁸ of the plants the bug eats.

昆虫血液中的绿色或者黄色来自于昆虫吃的植物的色素。

1 bug   

n.虫子；故障；窃听器；vt.纠缠；装窃听器

参考例句：

• There is a bug in the system.系统出了故障。
• The bird caught a bug on the fly.那鸟在飞行中捉住了一只昆虫。

2 bugs   

adj.疯狂的，发疯的n.窃听器( bug的名词复数 )；病菌；虫子；[计算机]（制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的）错误

参考例句：

• All programs have bugs and need endless refinement. 所有的程序都有漏洞，都需要不断改进。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋袋的米里长满了虫子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

4 oozes   

v.（浓液等）慢慢地冒出，渗出( ooze的第三人称单数 )；使（液体）缓缓流出；（浓液）渗出，慢慢流出

参考例句：

• The spring oozes out of a rock. 泉水从岩石中渗出。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Blood oozes from a wound. 血从伤口渗出。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

5 antennas   

[生] 触角，触须（antenna的复数形式）

参考例句：

• Marconi tied several antennas to kites. 马可尼在风筝上系了几根天线。 来自超越目标英语 第3册
• Radio astronomy today is armed with the largest antennas in the world. 射电天文学拥有世界上最大的天线。

6 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

8 pigments   

n.（粉状）颜料( pigment的名词复数 )；天然色素

参考例句：

• The Romans used natural pigments on their fabrics and walls. 古罗马人在织物和墙壁上使用天然颜料。 来自辞典例句
• The original white lead pigments have oxidized and turned black. 最初的白色铅质颜料氧化后变成了黑色。 来自辞典例句