Soda饮料会使孩子们变胖吗？

Katie Couric: Samantha Heller is a clinical nutritionist at the New York University Medical Center and a contributor to Health magazine. Hi! Samantha. Good morning.

Samantha Heller: Hi.

Katie Couric: We should make it clear that this does not ban soft drinks completely. Excuse me. For elementary schoolers, nutritious¹ drinks only and this means they can have water, and 100% juice drinks. For middle schoolers, diet soft drinks, water, sports drink, 100% juices, and low-calorie juice drinks are allowed. And for high schoolers, 50% of the vending² machines' slots can be filled with soft drinks and the rest with water, juices, sports drinks and another, other non-carbonated drinks, which makes you wonder why people would pick the latter. They have the soft drinks available, so do these guidelines go far enough in your view?

Samantha Heller: You know they are stepping in the right directions, so we're happy about that, but I don't think they go far enough. But as you said, if, there's five choices of different sodas⁴ rather than ten, I.. that seems just a little lame⁵ to me. That doesn't make sense. I.., they , the children can still drink soda³; and they don't really think we need soda in middle schools and high schools.

Katie Couric: Well, why do you, I mean, how responsible are these sodas for making kids fat? In other words, are they getting too much blame for their obesity⁶ epidemic⁷ or do you think it's warranted?

Samantha Heller: That's such a good question. The Beverage⁸ Association would say they're getting too much blame, but studies are showing that, there was a study that came out a few years ago that showed for every 12 ounce can of soda or sugar we drink, it increased the risk of being overweight for children 60%. So, yes, it is contributing to the obesity epidemic. And we really don't need to have soda in the schools, and it's not healthy. It's not nutritious, and there aren't other options for kids!

Katie Couric: But you know, some of the.., before we get to the other options, I'm just curious, what about diet beverages⁹ for kids? Because I know if we have soda in our house, it's usually diet soda. My kids don't drink much diet soda, but sometimes they do, and I'm kind of ambivalent¹⁰ about that as well, is that unhealthy for children?

Samantha Heller: That's a good question! The jury is out. Some studies are saying diet soda might increase the risk of children wanting to eat more and get their calories, or adults, other, in other places, but, that, that it is sketchy¹¹, the research is sketchy. Occasionally a diet soda is fine, but again what's happening is the soda is replacing diet regular, replacing healthier things like low fat milk, so the kids aren't getting the calcium¹² and vitamin D they need, so it's a problem, it really in terms of that ,too.

Katie Couric: But what about some of the high sugar drinks, you know, even these are 100% fruit juices, for example, like apple juice or even orange juice. Well, they're healthy. I don't want the orange juice industry that start e-mailing me, but they're very high in sugar and calories, too, aren't they?

Samantha Heller: Well, we wanna 100% juice, we wanna it to be pasteurized, and we do wanna limit the amount, 8 to 12 ounces for, you know, teens and 4 to 6 ounces a day for younger folks. So we want them to have that 100% juice but we have to limit the quantity.

Katie Couric: And part of the problem is the schools get a big kickback¹³, don't they? From the soda companies?

Samantha Heller: Well, I don't know if I'd say kickback.

Katie Couric: Alright, is that...?

Samantha Heller: They're called pouring rights.

Katie Couric: Oh, sorry.

Samantha Heller: And the companies pay huge amounts of money to the schools, to ad their products.

Katie Couric: They're an important source of revenue for the schools.

Samantha Heller: And it puts the school on a tough position, coz' the schools need the money for programs for the kids, so they have to sort of sell their souls in the sense to have the products of the company there. So we have to find other ways to help fund these great programs for school, sports, music, things like that.

Katie Couric: So bottom line, when it comes to introducing your kids to soda, you should probably try not to, really, when all of thisset and done, I mean, or certainly try to limit the amount of soda, their soda intake¹⁴ on a daily basis, (Yeah)coz' some of these kids are starting pretty young, ... soft drink.

Samantha Heller: I mean, you have children, right?

Katie Couric: Yes, I do.

Samantha Heller: Why would you wanna give a one or two-year- old, three-year- old soda? It doesn't make sense to me. There's no need for it.

Katie Couric: So I try to keep it out of the house in general, the Coca Cola and Pepsi people are gonna kill me, but in general,(Yeah), you should really try to be introducing healthier beverages.

Samantha Heller: That's right. You know, occasionally, as they get older, a soda is fine, but we don't wanna it to be a daily regularly part of the diet.

Katie Couric: Yes, a staple¹⁵.

Samantha Heller: Right!

Katie Couric: Anyway, Samantha, thanks so much for coming in this morning. Nice to see you.

1 nutritious   

adj.有营养的，营养价值高的

参考例句：

• Fresh vegetables are very nutritious.新鲜蔬菜富于营养。
• Hummingbirds have discovered that nectar and pollen are very nutritious.蜂鸟发现花蜜和花粉是很有营养的。

2 vending   

v.出售（尤指土地等财产）( vend的现在分词 )；（尤指在公共场所）贩卖；发表（意见，言论）；声明

参考例句：

• Why Are You Banging on the Vending Machine? 你为什么敲打这台自动售货机？ 来自朗文快捷英语教程 2
• Coca-Cola had to adapt almost 300,000 vending machines to accept the new coins. 可口可乐公司必须使将近三十万台自动贩卖机接受新货币。 来自超越目标英语 第5册

3 soda   

n.苏打水；汽水

参考例句：

• She doesn't enjoy drinking chocolate soda.她不喜欢喝巧克力汽水。
• I will freshen your drink with more soda and ice cubes.我给你的饮料重加一些苏打水和冰块。

4 sodas   

n.苏打( soda的名词复数 )；碱；苏打水；汽水

参考例句：

• There are plenty of sodas in the refrigerator. 冰箱里有很多碳酸饮料。 来自辞典例句
• Two whisky and sodas, please. 请来两杯威士忌苏打。 来自辞典例句

5 lame   

adj.跛的，(辩解、论据等)无说服力的

参考例句：

• The lame man needs a stick when he walks.那跛脚男子走路时需借助拐棍。
• I don't believe his story.It'sounds a bit lame.我不信他讲的那一套。他的话听起来有些靠不住。

6 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

7 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

8 beverage   

n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料

参考例句：

• The beverage is often colored with caramel.这种饮料常用焦糖染色。
• Beer is a beverage of the remotest time.啤酒是一种最古老的饮料。

9 beverages   

n.饮料( beverage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 控制酒类销售的法规
• regulations governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 含酒精饮料的销售管理条例

10 ambivalent   

adj.含糊不定的；(态度等)矛盾的

参考例句：

• She remained ambivalent about her marriage.她对于自己的婚事仍然拿不定主意。
• Although she professed fear of the Russians,she seemed to have ambivalent feelings toward Philby himself.虽然她承认害怕俄国人，然而她似乎对菲尔比本人有一种矛盾的感情。

11 sketchy   

adj.写生的，写生风格的，概略的

参考例句：

• The material he supplied is too sketchy.他提供的材料过于简略。
• Details of what actually happened are still sketchy.对于已发生事实的详细情况知道的仍然有限。

12 calcium   

n.钙(化学符号Ca)

参考例句：

• We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
• Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。

13 kickback   

n.酬金；佣金，回扣

参考例句：

• Mike got a kickback from a merchant.麦克从商人那里得到了回扣。
• The company had to kickback a lot to the corrupt officer.这家公司必须给腐败的政府官员很大一笔佣金。

14 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

15 staple   

n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类

参考例句：

• Tea is the staple crop here.本地产品以茶叶为大宗。
• Potatoes are the staple of their diet.土豆是他们的主要食品。